The neuroscience of you, p.35
The Neuroscience of You, page 35
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INDEX
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Abu-Akel, Ahmad, 313
action potential, 17
ACT-R, 175
acute tryptophan depletion, 117n34
adaptation
to changes in environment, 184–185
dopamine and, 115
infants and, 185
pandemic and, 183–184
windows of, 200
ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), 10–12, 14–15, 168
adrenaline, 111–112
aerobic exercise, 117
Aftanas, L. I., 148
afterimages, 86–87
Alfred, Katherine, 249–251
allocentric perspective, 237–238
alpha/alpha frequency range
attention and, 170, 171–172, 180
changes in, 149–151
language and, 210
perception and, 145–148
working memory capacity and, 141–142, 144
AlphaGo, 220n9
American Psychiatric Association, 10
amygdala, 235, 308, 311
anagrams, 143
analytical/creative distinction, 72, 73–74
Anderson, John, 175n14
Angelou, Maya, 213, 230–231, 253, 317
anhedonia, 106
Annett, Marian, 46–47
anosognosia, 163
anterior temporal lobe (ATL), 267–269, 271
anxiety, 93n13, 108–110, 111n29, 116
“approach” behaviors, 69, 78
Aristotle, 263
Astington, Janet, 304–305
Atkinson, Richard, 86–87
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 10–12, 14–15, 168
attentional biases, 249–251
attentional blink, 131–132
attentional control, measures of, 179
auditory cortex, 63, 83
autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 177–179
automatic attention mechanisms, 168–173
“avoid” behaviors, 69, 78
Avoid pathway, 222–225, 227
awareness, change and, 215
axon terminals, 17fig
axons, 17fig
B
Babies (documentary), 201
Baron-Cohen, Simon, 295–297
Bartz, Jennifer, 314
basal ganglia nuclei
bilingualism and, 210
curiosity and, 270–279
decision-making processes and, 282–283
experience and, 202
friends and, 299
function of, 174–181
oxytocin and, 311, 313
Bazanova, O. M., 148
Behave (Sapolsky), 173n11
behavioral genetics, 27
behaviors
asking or requesting, 289
language as guide to, 230–231
modeling, 297–298
beliefs, 285–286
bell curves, 95
Bertini, Mario, 78
Bezos, Jeff, 193n13
biases
attentional, 249–251
basal ganglia nuclei and, 181
confirmation, 286
in-group/out-group distinctions and, 315
implicit, 208, 292–293
race and, 205–208
Bice, Kinsey, 210
“Big-Brained People Are Smarter” (McDaniel), 4
bilingualism, 66–67, 177–178, 198n19, 209–211. See also language
biological basis of personality, 91–94
biologically encoded experiences, 28
Blink (Gladwell), 207n30
Blumenfeld, Henrike K., 196–197
Bogen, Joseph, 72
Boring, Edwin, 4n5
“bottom-up” processes, 144–146
Bowden, Edward, 137
brain. See also hemispheres of brain
amygdala, 235, 308, 311
anterior temporal lobe (ATL), 267–269, 271
auditory cortex, 63, 83
caudate nucleus, 176
cerebral cortex, 3
corpus callosum, 76
dendrites, 16–17, 17fig
different designs of, 6–7
dorsal striatum, 176n17
energy needed for, 3
frontal lobes, 144–145, 179, 181, 202
hippocampus, 7, 25–27, 237, 240–241, 251–252
inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), 267–269, 271
insula, 60
limitations and, 6
motor cortex, 48, 50, 68, 78, 157–158, 171
nucleus accumbens, 102, 311, 312
occipital lobe, 179
prefrontal cortex, 176–177, 181, 230, 266, 270–272, 275, 277
size of, 2–3
temporal lobes, 241
ventral striatum, 176n17
ventral tegmental area, 312n19
white-matter pathways, 126–127, 181, 267–269, 271
brain injury, specialization and, 45–46
brain interfacing, 157–160
brain-within-a-brain challenge, 174
Broca, Paul, 59, 60n14
Broca’s area, 59–60, 61
Brown, Brené, 37
C
Caenorhabditis elegans, 16–18, 24
caffeine, 82–83, 96, 115, 151
callosotomy, 72–73, 76, 164
card-sorting task, 250
Carlson, Stephanie, 302
carrot-and-stick learning, 222–230
Casagrande, Maria, 78
caudate nucleus, 176
causal explanations, 73–75
Cecere, Roberto, 145, 147, 190
cell bodies, 17fig
cerebral cortex, 3
characterizations assessment, 91–94
childbirth, 184–185
chimpanzees, 18
Choose pathway, 221–225, 227
chronic stress, 112–113
Clark, Richard, 141, 149
classifiers, 246–248
clicker training, 273
cognitive revolution, 184
Cohen, Mike, 100, 101–103, 104
coin toss walk, 272
collective social intelligence, 317–319
color, perception of, 203–205
color-naming task (Stroop Task), 127–128, 171–172
Compound Remote Associates Test, 137–141, 142–143
Compton, Rebecca, 171
computation
function versus, 58, 77
neurotransmitters and, 83
Conditional Routing Model, 176
confirmation bias, 286
connections
collective social intelligence and, 317–319
drive toward, 287–288
effect of absence of, 288–289
information exchange and, 306–307
meaning of, 290–295
mind modeling and, 300–305
mirroring and, 297–300
motivating, 307–317
overview of, 287–290
reverse-engineering and, 295–297
connectivity, patterns of, 64–65, 240–242
conscious awareness, 230–232
“consciousness Netflix,” 76n33
consequences, learning and, 218–219
context
basal ganglia nuclei and, 175
bilingualism and, 210
importance of, 19–20
interpretation and, 70–71, 72–75
controlled attention mechanisms, 168–173
corpus callosum, 76
cortisol, 112–113, 114, 118, 310
Costa, Louis, 64–66, 67, 69
costs and benefits, 8
COVID-19 pandemic, 183–184, 288–289
creative/analytical distinction, 72, 73–74
creativity test, 135–137, 148–149
critical/sensitive periods, 201
culture, role of, 13–14
curiosity
assessing, 262–265
brain function and, 265
brain structure and, 266–268, 270–272
costs of, 279–284
dopamine and, 271–274, 276
epistemic, 263–264
learning and, 259–261, 270–279
overview of, 257–262
perceptual, 263–265, 267
surprise and, 274–276
types of, 263–264
uncertainty and, 274–279
curiosity state, 263
curiosity traits, 263, 266–267
D
D2 receptors, 102n22
de Dreu, Carsten, 315
decay of memories, 236
decision-making processes
brain structure and, 153–154
experience and, 216–217
learning and, 214–215
overview of, 213–217
declarative memory, 231–232
deep-breathing exercises, 118
dendrites, 16–17, 17fig
depression, 88, 106, 107, 108–109, 111, 116, 249
details, focus on, 47
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 10
Dien, Joseph, 68–69, 164
differences
challenges in studying, 24
group, 35–36
impact of, 18–19
perspective and, 39–41
diffusion imaging, 268
distraction, 165, 166–168
“divide-and-conquer” approach, 65, 67, 77, 151
dizygotic (fraternal) twins, 27, 303
Domes, Gregor, 314
dopamine
adaptation and, 115
basal ganglia nuclei and, 180, 181, 202
caffeine and, 82–83
curiosity and, 271–274, 276
exercise and, 118
expectations and, 219–222
function of, 96–106, 116
genetic influences on, 151–152
learning and, 98–100
oxytocin and, 308, 312, 320
serotonin and, 106–110
tyrosine and, 117
dorsal striatum, 176n17
Dress, the, 2, 186, 202–205
Dronkers, Nina, 60
E
Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, 48
egocentric perspective, 237–238, 297–298
Einstein, Albert, 266, 267
electroencephalography (EEG), 103–104, 123
