“parklike lawns” . . . the Essex Club: Mabel T. Boardman, “The Summer Capital,” Outlook, Sept. 25, 1909, pp. 176–78.

  “take quite a time”: WHT to Mabel Boardman, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  “two months of entire rest”: WHT to Frances Taft Edwards, June 25, 1909, WHTP.

  “in seclusion . . . intruders away”: NYT, July 7, 1909.

  “The great tug will begin”: WHT to HHT, July 7, 1909, WHTP.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: A Self-Inflicted Wound

  Protectionism had become a central tenet: Jonathan Lurie, William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 103.

  While Theodore Roosevelt had sympathized . . . inflated prices: RSB, Notebook, Nov. 17, 1907, RSB Papers.

  During the final years . . . agrarian region: Stanley D. Solvick, “William Howard Taft and Cannonism,” Wisconsin Magazine of History (Autumn 1964), pp. 51–52.

  “equal the difference”: WHT, “Address Accepting the Republican Nomination for President, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 28, 1908,” WHTP.

  When excessive duties were built . . . prices for consumers: Ibid.; WHT, Presidential Addresses and State Papers, pp. 55–56; WHT to Horace Taft, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  “unequivocally . . . special session of Congress”: RNC and Blumenberg, Official Report of the Proceedings of the Fourteenth Republican National Convention, p. 117.

  “uprising and demonstration . . . cataclysm”: Waterloo [IA] Times-Tribune, Mar. 16, 1909.

  “the greatest issue” . . . to “humanize”: Washington Times, June 24, 1910.

  “this or that duty . . . less covering”: IMT, “Where Every Penny Counts,” The American Magazine (March 1909), pp. 437–38.

  “vital importance” of shoes: Atlanta Constitution, April 25, 1909.

  “It was hard enough . . . and in methods”: IMT, “Where Every Penny Counts,” The American Magazine (March 1909), p. 440.

  For years, legislators had acquiesced: IMT, “Juggling with the Tariff: A Sidelight on the Most Lively Question Now Before Congress,” The American Magazine (April 1909), p. 578.

  “At a time when . . . getting ahead”: IMT, “Where Every Penny Counts,” The American Magazine (March 1909), p. 439.

  “I never knew”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 273.

  “Cannonism” had become . . . convened in mid-March 1909: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, pp. 402–3; Solvick, “William Howard Taft and Cannonism,” Wisconsin Magazine of History (Autumn 1964), pp. 52–53.

  Taft seriously considered backing: WHT to WAW, Mar. 12, 1909, White Papers.

  “never liked” the Speaker: AB to Clara, April 5, 1911, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 2, p. 609.

  “all legislation of a progressive character”: WHT to TR, Oct. 9, 1908, TRP.

  “If by helping it”: WHT to TR, Nov. 7, 1908, TRP.

  “I do not believe”: TR to WHT, Nov. 10, 1908, TRP.

  “it would be very unfortunate”: Elihu Root to WHT, Nov. 23, 1908, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 405.

  “very much disposed to fight”: WHT to William N. Cromwell, Nov. 22, 1908, WHTP.

  “In our anxiety”: Salt Lake Tribune, Nov. 18, 1908.

  “cynical references . . . with people squarely”: WHT to Elihu Root, Nov. 25, 1908, WHTP.

  To better gauge the odds: WHT to J. N. Dolley, Nov. 23, 1908, and WHT to Frank L. Dingley, Nov. 23, 1908, WHTP.

  “A new irrepressible . . . Taft administration”: NYT, Nov. 24, 1908.

  “urgent telegrams and letters”: WHT to Horace Taft, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  “very anxious . . . of the facts”: TR to WHT, Nov. 28, 1908, in LTR, Vol. 6, p. 1389.

  “support genuine tariff . . . carrying forward”: Waterloo [IA] Daily Courier, Dec. 2, 1908.

  “entirely different impression”: Washington Post, Dec. 11, 1908.

  “a hundred days . . . perfect”: Waterloo [IA] Times-Tribune, Nov. 18, 1908.

  “the best revenue law”: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 403.

  “hammer and tongs . . . Republican minority”: WHT to Joseph L. Bristow, Dec. 5, 1908, WHTP.

  the mistake that would haunt his presidency: Waterloo [IA] Daily Courier, Dec. 2, 1908.

  “sent a chill of”: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 407.

  “to prepare an honest”: Washington Post, Dec. 11, 1908.

  All hope of unseating . . . won reelection: NYT, Mar. 16, 1909.

  “the most sophisticated”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 4, p. 374.

  “page after page”: Decatur [IL] Daily Review, Mar. 16, 1909.

  “The Senate and House”: Robert M. La Follette, La Follette’s Autobiography: A Personal Narrative of Political Experiences (Madison, WI: Robert M. La Follette Co., 1919), p. 438.

  “statesmen almost fell”: Washington Times, Mar. 17, 1909.

  expected to be “historic”: Claude Gernade Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1932), p. 334.

  Taft had composed the entire text: Decatur Daily Review, Mar. 18, 1909.

  “no clarion call”: Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era, p. 340.

  “no allusion”: New York Tribune, Mar. 16, 1909.

  “give immediate consideration . . . should proceed”: WHT, “Message to Congress, March 16, 1909,” in WHT, Presidential Addresses and State Papers, Vol. 1, p. 69.

  “flair for . . . days in office”: Stanley D. Solvick, “William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review (December 1963), p. 428.

  “no loud noises”: Current Literature (June 1909), p. 579.

  “the facts and reasons . . . derelict”: WHT, “Personal Aspects of the Presidency,” Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 28, 1914.

  The weekly press conferences: F. B. Marbut, News from the Capital; The Story of Washington Reporting (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971), p. 171.

  “There was none”: J. Frederick Essary, “Thirty-two Years as a Washington Correspondent,” Editor and Publisher, May 31, 1941, p. 13.

  “When the judgment . . . to help me”: WHT, “Personal Aspects of the Presidency,” Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 28, 1914.

  “If ever at any time”: WAW to WHT [n.d.], 1909, White Papers.

  “I am not constituted”: WHT to WAW, Mar. 20, 1909, White Papers.

  “I knew what a hard”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 254.

  “Although the tariff storm”: RSB, “Theodore Roosevelt,” unpublished MSS, 1910, RSB Papers.

  “remain . . . not without significance”: RSB, “The Measure of Taft,” The American Magazine (July 1910), p. 363.

  “the legal mind . . . dislike for publicity”: RSB, “Taft—So Far,” The American Magazine (July 1909), p. 312.

  “impressed . . . could do it”: RSB, “The Measure of Taft,” The American Magazine (July 1910), pp. 363–64.

  “Fifty years ago . . . will have been taken”: IMT, “Juggling with the Tariff,” The American Magazine (April 1909), pp. 578–79, 586.

  “one of the most . . . taking the place”: IMT, “William Howard Taft,” unpublished MSS [n.d.], IMTC.

  “to keep his distance”: Lurie, William Howard Taft, p. 104.

  If adjustments were necessary: Solvick, “William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review (December 1963), pp. 431–33.

  “I have got to regard”: WHT to WAW, Mar. 12, 1909, White Papers.

  “no matter what tariff bill”: William Dudley Foulke to WHT, Mar. 10, 1909, WHTP.

  “I am here to get”: WHT to William Dudley Foulke, Mar. 12, 1909, WHTP.

  “a genuine effort . . . inappropriate”: WHT to Horace Taft, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  “a more enlightened . . . given a thought”: Cited in Current Literature (May 1909), p. 468.

  “would be satisfactory . . . this early stage”: NYT, April 21, 1909.

  “up to the Senate . . . remakes it”: Current Literature (May 1909), p. 465.

  Taft had reason . . . from the Philippines: WHT to TR, Jan. 27, 1903, TRP.

  “I fear Aldrich is ready”: AB to Clara, April 4, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 41.

  “Where did we ever”: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 429.

  This was the time: Ibid., p. 430.

  “There is no use”: AB to Clara, Dec. 19, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 236.

  While Taft hesitated . . . against the Senate leader: Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, pp. 244–45.

  Aware that Aldrich . . . tackled lead and sugar: Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era, p. 339.

  “It has been tariff”: HCL to TR, June 21, 1909, in TR and HCL, Selections from the Correspondence, Vol. 2, pp. 337–38.

  It was often past midnight . . . discussing strategy: Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era, pp. 346–48.

  to “go ahead . . . I will veto it”: La Follette, La Follette’s Autobiography, p. 440.

  “bewildered by the intricacies”: NYT, June 9, 1909.

  “more technical knowledge”: WHT to HHT, July 8, 1909, WHTP.

  “reactionary tools”: Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 245.

  “The Senator will not turn”: Kenneth W. Hechler, Insurgency: Personalities and Politics of the Taft Era (New York: Russell & Russell, 1964), p. 121.

  Taft worried . . . becoming “irresponsible”: Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era, p. 343.

  to “confer . . . the Roosevelt policies”: WHT to Horace Taft, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  “Mr. Taft is not proving . . . pirate-infested seas”: Current Literature (June 1909), p. 580.

  “to form definite . . . Mr. Roosevelt’s own”: Ibid.

  his “hands off” approach: NYT, June 15, 1909.

  “on the ground that”: WHT to Horace Taft, June 27, 1909, WHTP.

  refuse to “reverse itself”: NYT, June 20, 1909.

  “already at a low ebb”: NYT, June 16, 1909.

  “some pretty shrewd . . . separately”: AB to Clara, June 20, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, pp. 124–25.

  “go a great way . . . illegitimate schemes”: George Kibbe Turner, “How Taft Views His Own Administration: An Interview with the President,” McClure’s (June 1910), p. 214.

  “Just when they thought”: AB to Clara, June 20, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 125.

  These dissenting votes revealed: Current Literature (August 1909), pp. 3–5.

  “Congress has had”: Literary Digest, July 24, 1909.

  “to make good . . . he became President”: Ibid.

  “used the White House”: AB to Clara, Aug. 17, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 178.

  He invited Payne to dinner . . . after midnight: WHT to HHT, July 18, 1909, WHTP.

  “at the disposal”: WHT to HHT, July 17, 1909, in William Howard Taft and Lewis L. Gould, My Dearest Nellie: The Letters of William Howard Taft to Helen Herron Taft, 1909–1912 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011), pp. 46–47.

  “longing” for her company: WHT to HHT, Aug. 3, 1909, WHTP.

  “delighted . . . changes you seek”: WHT to HHT, July 11, 1909, WHTP.

  progress would come “by jerks”: WHT to HHT, July 18, 1909, WHTP.

  “Last night was as hot”: WHT to HHT, July 13, 1909, in WHT and Gould, My Dearest Nellie, p. 39.

  “the Senate bill . . . has been taken”: WHT to HHT, July 11, 1909, WHTP.

  “he was committed . . . broader point of view”: Decatur [IL] Daily Review, July 17, 1909.

  “jubilant . . . of the progressives”: Fort Wayne [IN] News, July 17, 1909.

  Congratulatory messages flooded: New York Tribune, July 26, 1909.

  “the Taft tariff bill”: NYT, July 18, 1909.

  “I see today you made”: HHT to WHT, July 17, 1909, WHTP.

  “a good deal more of a muddle”: WHT to Horace Taft, July 21, 1909, WHTP.

  Despite repeated promises . . . “in writing”: WHT to HHT, July 11, 1909, WHTP.

  “an expert and acute . . . be deceived”: Solvick, “William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review (December 1963), p. 437.

  “Aldrich insists that”: WHT to HHT, July 22, 1909, WHTP.

  “owed his victory . . . personal matter with him”: AB to Clara, July 23, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 154.

  “It is the greatest exhibition”: WHT to HHT, July 26, 1909, WHTP.

  “They have my last . . . in his fight”: AB to Clara, July 23, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, pp. 163–65.

  a “cut away suit . . . fairly radiant”: Washington Post, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “Do you think . . . certainly do not”: Eau Claire [WI] Leader, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “could make . . . injure the party”: AB to Clara, July 16, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 144.

  “A broad smile”: Eau Claire [WI] Leader, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “a terrific thunderstorm”: AB to Clara, Aug. 6, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 170.

  “Heavy black clouds”: Washington Post, Aug. 6, 1909.

  the “storm of protest”: AB to Clara, Aug. 6, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 170.

  “perfect . . . branches of Congress”: NYT, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “its long and stormy journey”: Ibid.

  “patient leadership . . . in the future”: Literary Digest, Aug. 7, 1909.

  made the final bill “less shocking”: Ibid.

  “the necessities of the common people”: Tacoma [WA] Times, Aug. 6, 1909.

  judged an “empty victory”: NYT, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “vindicated his personal . . . in his strategy”: Literary Digest, Aug. 7, 1909.

  “his own fault . . . the stable door”: NYT, Aug. 6, 1909.

  “come to a standstill . . . enthusiastic”: NYT, Aug. 8, 1909.

  “which could be heard”: AB to Clara, Aug. 10, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 173.

  While the president and his family . . . in Beverly: NYT, Aug. 8, 1909.

  “If anybody says”: Baltimore Sun, Aug. 8, 1909.

  Taft soon settled into: Boardman, “The Summer Capital,” Outlook, Sept. 25, 1909, p. 177.

  “the rest . . . forget her illness”: AB to Clara, Aug. 10, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 173.

  “over every beautiful . . . pleasant route”: National Tribune (Washington, DC), Aug. 25, 1909.

  “the family dinner hour”: Boardman, “The Summer Capital,” Outlook, Sept. 25, 1909, p. 179.

  “If it were not . . . out of life at all”: AB to Clara, Aug. 24, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 185.

  “I do not know exactly”: WHT to Nancy Roelker, Sept. 11, 1909, in Anderson, William Howard Taft, p. 206.

  “take the people into”: New York Tribune, Sept. 10, 1909.

  “rampant . . . favor of his standard”: National Tribune, Aug. 25, 1909.

  “the bill was unsatisfactory . . . under the circumstances”: New York Tribune, Sept. 10, 1909.

  A future fight . . . loomed: NYT, Sept. 14, 1909.

  “learned a great . . . shortcomings”: New York Tribune, Sept. 10, 1909.

  “tens and hundreds . . . personal touch”: WHT, “Speech at the Boston Chamber of Commerce, Sept. 14, 1909,” WHTP.

  “cabinet members . . . and banking system”: Register and Leader (Des Moines, IA), Sept. 15, 1909.

  “Father of the Federal”: NYT, Nov. 19, 1914.

  Reaching Chicago . . . a hearty reception: New York Tribune, Sept. 17, 1909.

  At Milwaukee . . . first statement on the tariff: New York Tribune, Sept. 18, 1909.

  “omnipresent good nature”: Thompson, Presidents I’ve Known, p. 218.

  “hotbed of insurgency”: Current Literature (November 1909), p. 480.

  Republican leaders in the House . . . home district: Thompson, Presidents I’ve Known, p. 218.

  “Hope to be able”: WHT to HHT, Sept. 16, 1909, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 453.

  “a mass of facts”: Washington Post, Sept. 18, 1909.

  “Speech hastily prepared”: WHT to HHT, Sept. 17, 1909, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 453.

  “What was the duty . . . Republican party ever passed”: William Howard Taft and David Henry Burton, The Collected Works of William Howard Taft (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001), pp. 179, 181, 177.

  “without hesitation”: NYT, Sept. 19, 1909.

  “Western Republicans . . . on the tariff question”: All cited in Literary Digest, Oct. 2, 1909, p. 511.

  “I did not write to you”: Horace Taft to WHT, Oct. 8, 1909, WHTP.

  “commendation” of Tawney: Current Literature (November 1909), p. 478.

  “Theodore Roosevelt’s . . . overwhelming demand”: Literary Digest, Oct. 2, 1909.

  “You have come out . . . national supervision”: TR to HCL, Sept. 10, 1909, in TR and HCL, Selections from the Correspondence, Vol. 2, p. 346.

  “I never appreciated . . . power and force”: HCL to TR, April 29, 1909, in ibid., pp. 333–34.

  “surprised . . . opinion of him”: HCL to TR, Sept. 10, 1909, in ibid., p. 346.

  “the wilds of Africa”: RSB, Notebook K, June 13, 1908, RSB Papers.

  “truthful statement . . . win victories”: WHT to Robert Taft, Oct. 28, 1909, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 456.

  “Of course we want”: NYT, Oct. 7, 1909.

  Nearly 7,000 . . . in Portland: WHT to HHT, Oct. 2, 1909, WHTP.

  in Phoenix . . . through the gates: AB, “Record of the Trip of President Taft,” in WHT Diaries, WHTP.

  “Winning Taft Smile”: Albuquerque [NM] Morning Journal, Oct. 16, 1909.

  “Taft’s personality”: Current Literature (November 1909), p. 476.

  “really and sincerely . . . more real affection”: AB to Clara, Nov. 14, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 205.

  He noticed that Taft: AB to Clara, Nov. 14, 1909, in ibid., p. 206.

  “They are prompted”: WHT to Frederick Carpenter, Oct. 24, 1909, WHTP.

  “Whatever their judgment”: WHT to HHT, Oct. 24, 1909, WHTP.

  “enjoyed every moment”: WHT, “Speech at Charleston, South Carolina, Nov. 5, 1909,” WHTP.

  “266 speeches”: Current Literature (December 1909), p. 8.

  “of temperament”: WHT, “Speech at Charleston, SC, Nov. 5, 1909,” WHTP.

 

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