The discovery of france, p.42
The Discovery of France, page 42
link confused with ‘the English’: Barker (1893), 195 and 212.
link ‘good old Caesar’: Vitu.
link people of Sens . . . house of Savoy: Marlin, I, 37; Mortillet, in BSAP (1865), 200.
link bards and Druids: Sébillot (1882), I, 27.
link Colliberts: A. Hugo; Lagardelle; Lagneau (1861), 347 and 365; Saint-Lager, 86.
link ‘in the plain’: Brune, 136.
link ‘Huttiers’: Brune, 129–37; cf. Cavoleau.
link fleet of Marais poitevin: Rabot, 382.
link Pierre the Collibert: Masse-Isidore, 276–90; also Arnauld; Baugier.
link cagots (general): Dally; Descazeaux; Keane; Lagneau (1861), 401–4; Magitot; F. Michel; Monlezun, 242; Rochas.
link dwarfish figure: The little figure carved on the font at Saint-Savin (Hautes-Pyrénées), often said to be a cagot, is a monk.
link hand was sliced off: Lande, 434.
link a cagot from Moumour: Descazeaux, 49.
link curé of Lurbe: F. Michel, I, 133–4.
link prejudices and persecutions came and went: In the Pyrenees: Anon. (1835), 78; Bilbrough, 99; Bonnecaze, 80; Costello, II, 260—310; C. P. V.; Dix, 243—4; Domairon, XXXIII (1790), 349; Gaskell; H. L.; Haristoy; J. B. J., 286; A. Joanne (1868), lii; Lagneau, in Dictionnaire encyclopédique, XI (1870), 534—57; Lande, 444—6; Lunemann, 47; Ramond; Richard and Lheureux, 78; Saint-Lager, 70; F. Michel; Weld (1859), 99. In Brittany: Calvez; Chéruel (‘Cagots’); Constantine, 85—119; A. de Courcy, in Les Français, Province, III, 33; Lallemand, 133—4; Lande, 446—47; F. Michel, I, 62; Plumptre, III, 232—3; Vallin, 84. Around Bordeaux: Zintzerling, 227—8.
link ‘cursed races’: F. Michel.
link cagot mayor . . . Ararmts: F. Michel, I, 126—30.
link at Dognen and Castetbon: F. Michel, I, 136.
link baker at Hennebont: F. Michel, I, 170; Rolland de Denus, 117.
link teacher in Salies-de-Béarn: Descazeaux, 67.
link descendants of Cathars: Cathars: Lagneau (1861), 402; Lande, 438; Le Bas (‘Cagot’); MP, 1841, p. 295; Perret (1881), 66; Saint-Lager, 71.
link first Christian converts: Bonnecaze, 79—80; Lande, 436; F. Michel, I, ; Walckenaer, ‘Sur les Vaudois’, 330—34.
link confused with lepers: Descazeaux, 19; Lajard; Lande, 447; cf. Fay.
link as many Bretons believed: Cambry (1798), III, 146—7.
link ‘A baig dounc la Cagoutaille!’: F. Michel, II, 158.
link Compostela theory: Descazeaux; Loubès; Paronnaud.
link perceived as a threat: e.g. Perdiguier (1863).
link A group of cagots in Toulouse: Saint-Lager, 84.
link ‘Jentetan den ederrena’: F. Michel, II, 150—1; also Webster (1877), 263—4.
link still tend to intermarry: Marie Kita Tambourin, in Paronnaud.
link ‘They have been piled up here’: Marlin, I, 47—8.
link ‘Saracen’: Lagneau (1861), 382—6; Lagneau (1868), 170—73; etc.
link swore by Allah: Dumont (1894), 445.
link Val d’Ajol clans: Anon. (1867), 347; BSAP, 1874, 704—5; Dorveaux; Hirzel, 389—91; Lévêque.
4. O ÒC SÍ BAI YA WIN OUI OYI AWÈ JO JA OUA
link Abbé Grégoire: Certeau et al. Replies to his questionnaire in Gazier.
link ‘flying-buttresses of despotism’: Lavallee, ‘Iile-et-Vilaine’, 35.
link river Nizonne: Gazier, 1877, 215.
link Even plants and stars: Gazier, 1878, 244–5.
link landowner from Montauban: Certeau et al., 261.
link ‘only by the Supreme Being’: Gazier, 1877, 233.
link Salins-les-Bains: Gazier, 1878, 256.
link Lyon was a hive: Certeau et al., 221.
link later linguistic purges: Vigier, 194–5.
link forced to use interpreters: Bourguet, 135–8; Romieu, in Williams, 476; Savant.
link ‘the language is slow’: Larousse, ‘Dauphinois’; also X. Roux, 250.
link manuals for provincials: Anon. (1827), p. ix; Brun; Dhauteville; Gabrielli, 4–5; J.-F. Michel; Molard; Pomier; Sigart, 6. Cf. Callet, 6; Jaubert; Mége, 18.
link terms such as ‘affender’: Larousse (‘Picard’); Burgaud Des Marets (‘Rochelais’).
link ‘I was never able’: Albert, curé de Seynes: in Certeau et al., 256.
link ‘By the time I reached Lyon’: La Fontaine et al., 102–3.
link Oc–Oïl frontier: Gilliéron and Edmont; Lamouche; Plazanet; Terracher, I, 28–31, 62 and 241.
link ‘Allobroge’: Perdiguier (1854), 381.
link whistling languages: Arripe (Aas); BSAP, 1892, 15–22; MP, 1892, 18–19.
link ‘oui’ from Carnac to Erdeven: Lepelletier, 530.
link fathers ten miles apart: Dempster, 37.
link As the sun travelled: Beauquier, 232.
link sub-dialects ... in a single family: e.g. Dauzat, 288; Sarrieu, 389.
link ‘Friends of the Constitution’: Gazier, 1874, 426.
link ‘Gascon noir’: term noted by Arnaudin, 8.
link ‘all Gascons understand’: Gazier, 1877, 238; on Lorraine dialects: Adam, xliii.
link ‘Maître d’école!’: Boiraud, 105–6; Gazier, 1878, 11; Raverat, 205.
link ‘francimander’: Gazier, 1877, 215; Weber, 98–9.
link a wider range: Seguin de Pazzis, 48; Gabrielli, 7; Marlin, I, 410–11.
link farmer . . . from Tréguier: Gazier, 1879, 184–5.
link language-learning programmes: Peuchet, ‘Lys’, 21; ‘Meurte’, 28. On persistence of Flemish: Hurlbert, 332.
link ‘French leaves no more trace’: www.gwalarn.org/brezhoneg/istor/ gregoire.html; see also Raison-Jourde (1976), 357 (Cantal); Stendhal, 294 (Brittany).
link In the Cerdagne: Weber, 306; also Jamerey-Duval, 118, on his mock-Parisian French.
link Cellefrouin: Rousselot, 223.
link Breton soldiers: J. Ian Press, in Parry, 217.
link ‘no place for regional languages’: Rosalind Temple, in Parry, 194.
link North of the line, roofs: Brunhes, 308–10; Duby, III, 304.
link use of the araire: Planté.
link eyes and hair darker: Topinard (1891), 82.
link frontier zone: Specklin; also Vidal de La Blache, II.
link carve . . . into départements: Assemblee Nationale, especially IX, 698–748; XI, 119–268. Hesseln’s proposal to divide France into 9 perfect squares, subdivided into 9 counties, 81 districts and 729 territories, was fortunately abandoned: Dussieux, 176–7; Planhol, 281.
link to reach the . . . centre in a day: Assemblée Nationale, IX, 744 (11 Nov. 1789).
link ‘the most beautiful city in the world’: Assemblee Nationale, XI, 122 (8 Jan. 1790).
link ‘languages predating Caesar’s conquest’: Assemblée Nationale, XI, 185 (Saint-Malo); 170 (Basque provinces and Bearn).
link languages learned from nurses: e.g. Bernhardt, 2; Sand (1844), 53.
5. LIVING IN FRANCE, I
link stench-laden fug: Blanchard, 32 (Queyras).
link as soon as they became ill: Hufton, 68; Weber, 170–76.
link ‘They wish only for death’: É. Chevallier, 77.
link old people: see Gutton; McPhee (1992), 237.
link ‘I wish we knew how long’: Guillaumin, 93–4.
link the soul . . . washed itself: Carrier, 403; Gazier, 1879, 70.
link ‘Happy as a corpse’: Weber, 14.
link blessing to the natives: R. Bernard, 152–3; Moore, I, 219; Saussure, II, 488.
link witch revived the corpse: Devlin, 52; Vuillier, 532.
link secular holidays: Hazareesingh, Saint-Napoleon.
link ‘as idle as marmots’: Fabre, 7.
link mountain rodent: Ladoucette (1833), 132; Saussure, II, 153–4.
link ‘inhabitants re-emerge in spring’: Blanchard, 32.
link ‘something like fear’: Sand (1856), VIII, 164.
link ‘After making the necessary repairs’: Thuillier (1977), 206; also Legrand d’Aussy, 280–81.
link diary of Jules Renard: 16 Jan. 1889 and 24 Dec. 1908.
link trudged and dawdled: Renard, 6 Mar. 1894; Restif, 192.
link ‘dumb idleness’: Lavallée, ‘Rhin-et-Moselle’, 8; Peuchet, ‘Pas-de-Calais’, 15.
link ‘For the remaining months’: T. Delord, in Les Français, Province, II, 61.
link ‘The vital air’: Peuchet, ‘Pas-de-Calais’, 37.
link ‘unhygienic’ cellars: Audiganne, I, 28–9.
link son of a Pyrenean peasant: Fabre, 7.
link ‘Life and movement’: Eugénie Grandet: Balzac, III, 1027.
link ‘This community is situated’: Cahiers . . . de Cahors.
link ‘On one side’: Cahiers de . . . Rozel, ed. C. Leroy.
link ‘If only the King knew!’: Cahiers . . . de Cahors.
link parish of Saint-Forget: Cahier . . . de Saint-Forget (Yvelines), Service Éducatif des Archives départementales.
link shift the tax burden: É. Chevallier, 79; e.g. Rousseau’s Confessions, I, 4.
link suspiciously repetitive: see P. Jones (1988), 58–67.
link ‘We have not yet seen’: Cahiers . . . de Cahors.
link poultry feathers: Taine (1879), II, 205.
link ‘there is scarce a Village’: Breval, 57.
link layer of clay: Anon., ‘Nouvelles’ (1840), 374.
link spontaneous combustion: Yvart, 251–3.
link Pompey: Cahier de Doléances.
link natural disasters: Braudel, III, 24.
link forty years after a hailstorm: Guillaumin, 179.
link almost half the population: Hufton, 23–4.
link ‘The people are like a man’: Taine (1879), II, 213.
link ‘they were convinced’: Déguignet, 46 (tr. L. Asher).
link fairy tales: Darnton, 33–4.
link ‘treated as a servant’: Martin and Martenot, 495.
link photograph albums: Weber, 175 n. (quoting P. and M. C. Bourdieu).
link tours d’abandon: Perrot, 144.
link ‘angel-makers’: Hufton, 327; Perrot, 601.
link infant overflow: Hufton, 345–6.
6. LIVING IN FRANCE, II
link ‘crooked, dirty’, etc.: Young, 26, 185, 173 and 63, 60, 26, 33.
link ‘superb consolation’: Young, 41.
link ‘To Combourg’: Young, 99.
link ‘This M. de Chateaubriand’: Chateaubriand, I, 12, 4.
link how to make a proper haystack: Young, 149.
link ‘Chestnut Belt’: Braudel, III, 117; Demolins, 79–85 and 428; Durand, 137; Fel; Peuchet, ‘Corrèze’, 8–9; Taine (1858), 130.
link ‘knowing my luck’: Haillant, 18, 16 and 17; Dejardin, 287; Weber, 19; Weber, 345n.
link at Varennes: F. de Fontanges; Valori.
link political basis of the union: e.g. Gildea, in Crook, 158–62 (on Ligue du Midi and separatism).
link In 1841, a census: Ploux (1999).
link When he crossed the country: Fabry; Waldburg-Truchsess.
link ‘he’ll never be able to do anything’: Waldburg-Truchsess, 37–8.
link three zones: Braudel, III, 127.
link ‘every door vomiting out its hogs’: Young, 156.
link ‘trifling burthens’: Young, 90.
link risk her livelihood: e.g. Lehning, 87–8.
link at Ry: Price, 151.
link supply zone of cities: Cobb (1970), 258–9.
link ‘destroyed all its bridges’: Deferrière, 435 (report by Dupin, Préfet of Deux-Sèvres).
link the spike of a Prussian helmet: Du Camp. 603.
link ‘The man of the fields knows nothing’: Jouanne.
link ‘amuses the sheep’: Carlier, I, 115.
link Saint-Étienne-d’Orthe: Artigues, 126.
link mole catchers: Capus.
link rebilhous . . . ‘cinderellas’, etc.: Weber, 225.
link judge at Rennes: Hufton, 210–11.
link ‘Idle beggar’: Déguignet, 70; Hufton, 111.
link anthropologists of Paris: Privat d’Anglemont, chs 1, 4, 6 and 8.
link history teacher: Monteil, II, 89–90, 105, 111–14, 136, 177, 209 and 273.
link Friday was the day: Labourasse, 180.
link born with the heads of fish: Sébillot (1886), 223.
link ‘Lundi et mardi, fête’: Sébillot (1886), 219.
link military recruitment: Aron et al.; Levasseur, I, 385–7.
link ‘the face of an old monkey’: Pinkney, 36.
link women . . . the lion’s share: e.g. Choules, 168; Greeley, 160; Le Bras and Todd, 179; Morris, 16; Noah, 210 and 224; Perrin-Dulac, I, 207–8; Young, 13.
link kept house (‘badly’): Peuchet, ‘Orne’, 35.
link nimble spirits: Bérenger-Féraud, I, 2–5.
link All along the Atlantic: e.g. at La Teste: Saint-Amans (1812), 196–8.
link In the Auvergne: Legrand d’Aussy, 284.
link At Granville: Marlin, I, 215–16.
link yoked to asses: Peuchet, ‘Hautes-Alpes’, 18 and 20.
link beasts of burden: Peuchet, ‘Orne’, 35.
link woman born in the Velay: Perrot, 150 and 189.
link appearance of a girl: Weber, 172–3.
link ‘Oats to goats’: Haillant, 10.
link ‘Marry your daughter far away’: Pintard, 109.
link ‘A dead wife, a living horse’: Strumingher, 136.
link ‘A man has but two good days’: M. Segalen, 171.
link ‘At the well . . . woman comes back . . .’: M. Segalen, 152.
link ‘No house was ever shamed’: M. Segalen, 26.
link Misinterpretations: Hufton, 38–41; M. Segalen, 173–80.
link Courting couples: Bejarry; Gennep, I, 264; M. Segalen, 22–3.
link Vendée peasant: M. Segalen, 23.
link perpetrated by immigrants: M. Segalen.
link a woman who walked behind her husband: Hélias, 279.
link ‘laka ar c’hoz’: Déguignet, 35–6 (tr. L. Asher).
link questioned . . . by magistrate: Hufton, 321.
link her wedding night: Sand (1846).
link ‘Women give birth after three months’: Rolland de Denus, 215.
link Night Washerwomen: Sébillot (1882), I, 248; Sand (1888), 50.
link If one of her own babies: Sonnini, 188–9.
link ‘A sad country’, etc.: Young, 156.
link Young hears the news: Young, 162.
7. FAIRIES, VIRGINS, GODS AND PRIESTS
link ‘olive-planted and fig-bearing’: Strabo, Geography, IV, 1, 2.
link shrine at Bétharram: Chausenque, I, 224; J. B. J., 264.
link cults of the Virgin: Laboulinière, 318; Lawlor, xvi.
link ‘The entrance to these grottos’: Sand (1856), VIII, 139–40.
link local chemist: J. B. J., 140–41.
link its rival, Argelès: Harris, 25.
link saw a tiny figure: Bernardette’s account in Harris, 72.
link As usual when a Virgin appeared: Joudou, 24.
link local beauties: Harris, 73.
link forest fairies: Harris, 77–9; Sahlins, 43–5.
link Forest Code of 1827: Chevalier (1956), 724–6.
link ‘War of the Demoiselles’: Sahlins.
link on common land: Harris, 31.
link Properties on the road: Harlé, 146–50.
link ‘It’s a stroke of good luck’: Blackburn (1881), 92.
link places named after a saint: Planhol, 143.
link Saint-Martin: J.-M. Couderc.
link Saint-Malo–Geneva line: A. d’Angeville, xxvii; Aron et al.; Dupin, 39; Julia; Nora.
link Saint Agathe: Sébillot (1882), I, 334.
link Catholic Reformation: Ralph Gibson, 19.
link ‘to give the cross the benefit’: Piette and Sacaze, 237.
link ‘nail-stone’: Marlin, II, 365; IV, 364.
link two oaks: Bérenger-Féraud, I, 523–4.
link sharpening-stone: L. Duval.
link vandalized by passing strangers: e.g. Souvestre, 224–5.
link Col de Peyresourde stones: Piette and Sacaze; also Sébillot (1882), I, 48–52.
link ‘The spirit who inhabits the stone’: Piette and Sacaze, 240–1.
link ‘Old fool!’: Devlin, 7; Ralph Gibson, 144.
link people of Six-Fours: Bérenger-Féraud, II, 518.
link diocesan guide: http://catholique-lepuy.cef.fr/pelerinages/
link Notre-Dame de Héas: Dusaulx, II, 48–53; Saint-Amans (1789), 127–52.
link Les Andelys pilgrimage: Boué de Villiers.
link people of Lourdes went somewhere else: Blackburn (1881), 92.
link pilgrimages expanded . . . areas of trade: e.g. Delvincourt, 4; Depping (1813), 53–4.
link pilgrimage to Sainte-Baume: Bérenger-Féraud, II, chap. 4.
link Mont-Saint-Michel: Nerval, II, 957–8 (paraphrase of Monsieur Nicolas).
link very rare breed: Weber, 357.
link If he refused to ring: Tackett (1977), 155.
link the curé of . . . Burgnac: Ralph Gibson, 136.
link walking about during mass: Ralph Gibson, 19.
link The curé of Ars: Weber, 369.
link ‘Sorcerers and sorceresses’: Gazier (1876), 31.
link oath declaring their loyalty: Tackett (1986), 52–4.
link chaplain at Ribiers: Tackett (1977), 213.
link Protestant plot: Tackett (1986), 205–19.
link ‘showing mutual affection’: Certeau et al., 211.
link converted to Protestantism: Ralph Gibson, 237; P. Jones (1985), 268.
link saints were still being created: Sébillot (1882), I, 330–33; Largillière, 126–31.
link Merlin the Enchanter: For example, a prayer left by the stones, unfolded, early on Easter Day 2006, read, ‘Dear Merlin, You have made me happy. Please give me some magic spells so I can make others happy too.’
link ‘I didn’t come here for him’: Devlin, 8.
link The Devil: e.g. Bonnecaze, 72–3; Sébillot (1882), I, 177.
link sidekick Saint Peter: Bladé, 31; Sébillot (1882), I, 310.
link weird beings: e.g. Agullana, 110; Bladé, 17; Sand (1888), 75; Sébillot (1882), I, 148.
link Christianity came to an end: Sébillot (1882), I, 79.
link ‘There are two “dear Lords”’: Ralph Gibson, 137.
link ‘Saint Sourdeau’, etc.: Chesnel, 128 (Plouradou); Devlin, 10 (Sourdeau); Boué de Villiers, 46–9.
