The biggest prison on ea.., p.30
The Biggest Prison on Earth, page 30
3.Müller, ‘Occupation in Hebron’, pp. 19–24.
4.Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel and the Peace Process 1977–1982, 1994, pp. 68–9.
5.Chomsky, Fateful Triangle, 1983, pp. 187–92.
6.Ibid.
7.Fisk, Pity the Nation, 2002, p. 138.
8.So claims Shlomo Nakdimon who was very close to Begin. Shlomo Nakdimon, ‘Begin’s Legacy “Yehiel, It Ends Today” ’, Haaretz, 22 February 2012.
9.For a critical assessment of Sharon see Benziman, Sharon: An Israeli Caesar, 1985.
10.Budeiri, ‘Democracy . . . And the Experience of National Liberation’ in Pappe and Hilal (eds.), Across the Wall, 2010, p. 336.
11.Tessler, ‘Israeli Thinking about the Palestinians’ in Freedman (ed.), Israel’s First Fifty Years, 2000, p. 110.
12.Kimmerling, Politicide, 2003.
13.Ibid.
14.Gorenberg, The End of Days, 2000, pp. 128–37.
15.The official is interviewed in Ra’anan Alexadrowicz’s documentary The Law in These Parts. Full interviews are provided on the film’s website: www.thelawfilm.com/eng#!/the-film.
16.Zertal and Eldar, Lords of the Land, 2009, p. 102.
17.Halabi, ‘The Israeli Law in the Service of the Expropriation, Planning and Settlement Policies’, pp. 6–13.
18.See Seal, Abu Nidal, 1992.
19.This was already noted in an article in September 1982. See Perlmutter, ‘The Middle East: A Turning Point?’, pp. 67–83.
20.Schiff and Ya’ari, Israel’s Lebanon War, 1984, pp. 283–4.
21.Pappe, ‘Jordan between Hashemite and Palestinian Identity’ in Nevo and Pappe (eds.), Jordan in the Middle East 1948–1988, 1994, pp. 61–94.
22.Johnson, O’Brien and Hiltermann, ‘The West Bank Rises Up’ in Lockman and Beinin (eds.), Intifada, 1989, p. 32.
23.Tamari, ‘The Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza’ in Nakhleh and Zureik (eds.), The Sociology of the Palestinians, 1980.
24.Schiff and Ya’ari, Intifada, 1989.
25.Tamari, ‘The Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza’ in Nakhleh and Zureik (eds.), The Sociology of the Palestinians, 1980.
26.Hajjar, Rabbani and Beinin, ‘Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict for Beginners’ in Lockman and Beinin (eds.), Intifada, 1989, p. 102.
27.Schiff and Ya’ari, Intifada, 1989.
28.Heiberg and Øvensen, ‘Palestinian Society in Gaza, West Bank and Arab Jerusalem’, p. 124.
29.Ori Nir, ‘Not Every Day is Purim’, Middle East Online, 13 March 2009, www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=30944.
30.Benvenisti, West Bank Data Project, 1984.
31.A breakdown of these numbers and more information can be found in the B’Tselem website: www.btselem.org/topic/deportation.
32.Ibid.
33.Boaz Evron, ‘How Can One Enjoy from All the Worlds [How can one have cake and eat it]’, Yedioth Ahronoth, 8 December 1978.
34.Avraham Shapira, Conversations Between Soldiers, 1967.
Chapter Ten: The First Intifada, 1987–1993
1.Neff, ‘The Intifada Erupts, Forcing Israel to Recognize Palestinians’, pp. 81–3.
2.United Nations, General Assembly, Resolution 43/21, ‘The Uprising of the Palestinian People’, 3 November 1988.
3.Neff, ‘The Intifada Erupts, Forcing Israel to Recognize Palestinians’, pp. 81–3.
4.Finkelstein, The Rise and Fall of Palestine, 1996.
5.Mishal and Aharoni, Speaking Stones, 1989, pp. 14–20.
6.Human Rights Watch, ‘Israel, the Occupied West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and the Palestinian Authority Territories’, Volume 13, no. 4, November 2001, pp. 48–9.
7.Kurth Cronin, ‘How fighting ends’ in Affelbach and Strachan (eds.), How Fighting Ends, 2012, p. 426.
8.Nasrallah, ‘The First and Second Palestinian Intifadas’ in Newman and Peters (eds.), The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, 2013, p. 56.
9.A recent summary of the real meaning of excessive use by Israel was published by Amnesty International: ‘ “Trigger-happy” Israeli army and police use reckless force in the West Bank’, 27 February 2014.
10.The US State Department, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, 1988–1991. The report for 1988 can now be digitally accessed at www.archive.org/details/countryreportson1988unit.
11.United Nations Publications, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 7, Covering the period 1 January 1985 to 31 December 1988, Volume VI, p. 71.
12.Pearlman, Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement, 2011, p. 114.
13.Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, 2013, p. 23.
14.A very good article on this can be found in Andrew Higgins, ‘How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas’, The Wall Street Journal, 24 January 2009.
15.Pappe, ‘Understanding the Enemy’ in R. Nettler and S. Taji-Farouki (eds.), Muslim-Jewish Encounters, 1998, pp. 87–108.
16.Pappe, ‘De-Terrorising the Palestinian National Struggle’, pp. 127–46.
17.See a good analysis in ‘Israel Must Withdraw all Settlers or Face ICC, says UN Report’, The Guardian, 31 January 2013.
18.See ‘Europe Threatens to Withdraw Support for Israel over Settlement Building Plans’, Haaretz, 2 December 2012.
19.Most of the information here is taken from the B’Tselem 1990 annual report, pp. 23–4.
20.Ibid.
21.See B’Tselem Report for March–May 1993.
22.Ibid.
23.Jamal Abu Samhadana was the founder of the Popular Resistance Committees in the Rafah area in Gaza; he was assassinated by the Israelis in 2006 for his involvement in military actions against them.
24.B’Tselem Report for March–May 1993.
25.Ibid.
26.Ibid.
27.There is a powerful description of the early experiences at the checkpoint in Bornstein, Crossing the Green Line, 2002, pp. 2–3.
28.This connection is exposed in The Lab, a film by Yotam Feldman (2013). More details on the film’s website: www.gumfilms.com/lab.
29.Findley, Deliberate Deceptions, 1995, p. 88.
30.Very thorough research can be found in Farsakh, Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel, 2005.
31.Report to the UN, ‘Economic and Social Repercussions of the Israeli Occupation’, in Resolution 53/230 of the UN General Assembly, 22 December 1999.
32.Quoted in The Jerusalem Post, 5 March 1988, p. 7.
33.On the origins of this phenomenon see Sprinzak, Brother Against Brother, 1999, pp. 177–9.
34.This was not the worst of the events in that time: see ‘Two Palestinians Teens Killed by Israeli Gunfire’, Los Angeles Times, 23 February 1988.
35.A vivid description is in Chomsky, Fateful Triangle, 1983, p. 495.
36.According to some sources, by 2012, 800,000 Palestinians had been arrested. Mohamedd Mar’i, ‘Israeli Forces Arrested 800,000 Palestinians since 1967’, Saudi Gazette, 12 December 1967.
37.Mary Curtius, ‘Palestinian Villagers are Defiant after Israeli Troops End Tax Siege’, Boston Globe, 2 November 1989.
38.Stephen J. Sosebee, ‘The Passing of Yitzhak Rabin, Whose “Iron Fist” Fuelled Intifada’, The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Volume 9, no. 5, 31 October 1990, p. 9.
39.Lockman and Beinin (eds.), Intifada, 1989, p. 1.
40.B’Tselem Report, ‘Harm to Palestinians collaborating with Israel’, 1 January 2011.
41.Appleby, Spokesmen for the Despised, 1996, pp. 5–6, 225–6, 400–01. This is the only book I know that puts Rabbi Kook and Yassin in the same research!
42.Appleby, Spokesmen for the Despised, 1996, p. 238.
43.For a detailed breakdown see B’Tselem, ‘Fatalities in the first Intifada’, www.btselem.org/statistics/first_intifada_tables.
44.There is an excellent account of all these aspects in Sonja Karkar, ‘The First Intifada 20 Years Later’, The Electronic Intifada, 10 December 2007.
45.Ibid.
Chapter Eleven: The Oslo Charade and the Second Intifada
1.Nur Masalha, Expulsion, 1992, p. 107.
2.Khalidi, ‘Revisiting the UNGA Partition Resolution’, pp. 5–21.
3.I recommend reading thoroughly the best account of the developments leading to the Oslo Accord in Henriksen Waage, ‘Postscript to Oslo’, pp. 54–65.
4.See http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.background-resource.php?resourceID=000921.
5.See Ian Black, ‘How the Oslo Accord Robbed the Palestinians’, The Guardian, 4 February 2013.
6.See http://thepalestinepapers.com/en/projects/thepalestinepapers/20121821231215230.html.
7.Pappe, The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1954, 1992, pp. 203–43.
8.Bowker, Palestinian Refugees, 2003, p. 157.
9.Benvenisti, West Bank Data Project, 1984.
10.Agha and Malley, ‘Camp David: The Tragedy of Errors’.
11.Dor, The Suppression of Guilt, 2005.
12.Drucker and Shelah, Boomerang, 2005.
13.For the full text see: http://eeas.europa.eu/mepp/docs/mitchell_report_2001_en.pdf.
14.UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – Occupied Palestinian Territory, ‘The Humanitarian Impact on Palestinians of Israeli Settlements and Other Infrastructure in the West Bank’, April 2009.
15.European Union, Internal Report on ‘Area C and Palestinian State Building’, pp. 220–23.
16.Playfair (ed.), International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories, 1992, p. 396.
17.Human Rights Watch, which ironically is banned from Israel, has annually catalogued these abuses.
18.World Bank Technical Team Report, ‘Movement and Access Restrictions in the West Bank’, 9 May 2007.
19.European Union, Internal Report on ‘Area C and Palestinian State Building’, pp 220–23.
Chapter Twelve: The Ultimate Maximum Security Prison Model – the Gaza Strip
1.On the plans to establish the dummy city see the daily Globes (Hebrew), 20 May 2002 (planning actually began in 2002); there was also an interesting report of a soldier who participated in the training on the blog on 7 November 2009, www.dacho.co.il/showthread.php, although this blog has now been removed for obvious reasons (it was available until 2010). IDF’s own announcement on its website in an article by Ido Elazar has also been removed.
2.See Ilan Pappe, ‘Responses to Gaza’, London Review of Books, 21, no. 2, 29 January 2009, pp. 5–6.
3.Ibid.
4.Breaking the Silence, Report on Gaza, 15 July 2009. The NGO has a website, www.shovrimshtik.org, where this report is available and it has also published a 96-page booklet entitled Soldiers’ Testimonies from Operation Cast Lead: Gaza 2009.
5.John Dugard, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied by Israel Since 1967, UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva: United Nations, 3 March 2005.
6.See Yedioth Ahronoth for an analysis by the Israeli journalist Roni Sofer on 27 September 2005.
7.Amos Harel and Avi Issacharoff, ‘Analysis: Gaza Gains have Softened Israel Stance on Shalit Deal’, 25 January 2009, www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/analysis-gaza-gains-have-softened-on-Shalit-deal-1.268774.
8.See the report by Amir Buhbut and Uri Glickman, ‘The IDF Had Attacked in Gaza’, Maariv, 25 September 2005.
9.Several generals and ex-generals expressed this view in a collection of articles in a strategic journal published by the Israeli Institute for National Security Studies, Strategic Assessment, Volume 11, no. 4, February 2009.
10.Amos Harel and Avi Issacharoff, ‘One humiliation too many’, Haaretz, 13 July 2006.
11.Ilan Pappe, ‘Ingathering’, London Review of Books, 28, no. 8, 20 April 2006, p. 15.
12.Yehuda Ben Meir and Dafna Shaked, ‘The Israeli Body Politic: Views on Key National Security Issues’, Strategic Assessment, Volume 10, no. 1, June 2007, pp. 31–35.
13.See Pappe, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, 2006.
14.Seán MacBride et al, Israel in Lebanon: The Report of the International Commission to Enquire into Reported Violations of International Law by Israel during Its Invasion of Lebanon, London: Ithaca Press, 1983.
15.See the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Special Report of August 2007.
16.B’Tselem, ‘683 people killed in the conflict in 2006’, press release, 28 December 2006: www.btselem.org/english/Press_Releases/20061228.asp.
17.Ibid.
18.Gabi Siboni, ‘The Third Threat’, Haaretz, 30 September 2009.
19.Breaking the Silence, Report on Cast Lead Operation, 15 July 2009.
20.UN News Centre, ‘Gaza could become uninhabitable in less than five years due to ongoing de-development’, 1 September 2015.
Maps
Pre-1948 Historical Palestine
UN Partition Plan 1947
1967 Post Six-Day War
Settlements and the West Bank Barrier 2006
The West Bank in 2006 showing the Green Line vs. West Bank Barrier
East Jerusalem 2007 showing the development of new settelements in the West Bank
Areas A, B and C in the West Bank 2010
Index
References to notes are indicated by n.
Abdel-Shafi, Haidar 199
Abdullah I of Jordan, King 13
Absentee Property Law 143
Abu Labada, Hassan Abd al-Sayidi 183
Abu Mazen 222, 223
Abu Nidal 166
Agha, Hussein 205
Ahdut Ha’avoda 24, 50
AIPAC, see American Israel Public Affairs Committee
Alon, Yigal 23–4, 36–7, 43, 48, 89–93
and colonization 95, 96–7, 98, 101–2, 103
and Gaza Strip 136
and punishment 107
and refugees 67
American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) 18, 43, 61
Amir, Yigal 155
Angleton, James 34
annexation 50–3, 56–9, 60–1, 62–6, 100–2
anti-Semitism 10
Arab Higher Committee 197
Arab League 12, 25, 197
Arab states 10, 18, 26, 28, 30–1
and radicalization 20, 21, 23, 24
see also pan-Arabism
Arab Summit 25
Arafat, Yasser 194, 195, 196, 204–6, 207, 208
Aran, Zalman 52, 68, 126
Argov, Shlomo 166
Arnon, Ya’acov 137
assassinations 211–12
al-Astal, Muhammad Ahmad 182–3
autonomy xxviii, 50, 101–2, 157
Avnery, Uri 38–9, 73
Ba’ath party 18, 23, 26, 29
Bachi, Roberto 80
Baker, James 195
Barak, Ehud 196, 200, 206, 213
Barbour, Walworth 61
Bavli, Dan 150–1
Begin, Menachem xx, 49, 124, 154, 159
and Palestinians 51–2, 54, 55
Beilin, Yossi 125, 200
Ben-Amos, Dan 73
Ben-Eliezer, Fuad 161
Ben-Gurion, David xxii, 12, 13, 14, 17–20
and Egypt 15, 16–17
and Jerusalem 59
and settlers 131
and Six-Day War 39, 43
and West Bank 21–2
Bentham, Jeremy xxvii
Bentov, Mordechai 53, 54, 120, 121, 123, 125–6
Benvenisti, Meron 170, 203
Bethlehem 62, 92
Black September 134–5
‘Blueprint for Physical and Regional Planning, A’ 152–3
Bor 38, 39
Breaking the Silence 213–14
Britain, see Great Britain
British Empire 138
British Mandate xxii, 9
B’Tselem 179, 183–4, 220
Buber, Martin 18–19
bureaucracy xxix–xxx, 4, 79–80; see also Committee of Directors General
Burg, Yosef 69
Bush, George H. W. 195
Bush, George W. 208, 217, 224
Camp David Summit xxi, 154, 196, 202–3, 204–6, 207
Carmel, Moshe 37, 53, 54
Carter, Jimmy 69, 152
cemeteries 87
censorship xv
Challe, Gen Maurice 19
Chamber of Planning 165
checkpoints 184–5
children 176–7, 188, 220
Chomsky, Noam 30
Christians 57, 66
CIA 33–4, 35–6
citizenship xxvi, 102
civil administration 138
Civil Administration for Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Strip 160–1, 162, 179–81
Clinton, Bill 191, 194, 196, 205
Cold War 43, 62
collaborators 190–1
colonization xxiii–xxiv, 79–80, 93–5, 161–5
and Alon 90–3, 101–2
and Gaza Strip 98–100, 135–6
and Jerusalem 82–8
and wedges 95–7
Committee of Directors General (CDG) 105, 137–40, 143, 144
Communism 14
compensation 81–2, 142
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, Lord 55
curfews 182–4
currency 105, 106
Dayan, Moshe 15–16, 29, 35, 36, 49–50, 89
and autonomy plan 157
and economics 105, 146, 147–8, 149, 150
and expulsions 116–18, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124–6
and the media 71–2
and Palestinians 52, 107–8
and refugees 66–8, 114
and Six-Day War 39, 41, 42, 43
and West Bank 97
De-Shalit, Memi xvi
Dead Sea 95, 97, 153
demonstrations xviii–xix
deportations 170–1
Dinstein, Zvi 128
Directors General xxix–xxx
Drucker, Raviv 207–8
Druckman, Rabbi Haim 132
Dudin, Mustafa 160
Dulles, John Foster 17
dummy city 213–14, 225
dunams 79, 81, 82, 84–5, 86, 244 n. 1
East Jerusalem 81–2, 164
Eban, Abba 12, 31–2, 33, 37, 47, 48
and expulsions 122
and marketing 68
and Six-Day War 39, 41
and USA 60, 61, 62, 65
economics 7, 104–6, 146–50, 168–9, 187, 209
