A state at any cost, p.88
A State at Any Cost, page 88
36. Yitzhak Gruenbaum to the Jewish Agency Executive, April 2, May 1, 25, 1944, BGA.
37. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, May 31, 1944, BGA.
38. Porat 1986, p. 401.
39. Yitzhak Gruenbaum, Ben-Gurion, et al. to the Jewish Agency Executive, June 11, 1944, BGA; Bauer 2015; Friling 1998, p. 771; Frister 1987, p. 289; Ben-Gurion to Binyamin Nahari, Feb. 10, 1965, BGA.
40. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 13, 1944.
41. Ben-Gurion on Herzl Day, July 10, 1944, BGA; Ben-Gurion at the “Am Va’admato” exhibition, March 2, 1945, in Ben-Gurion 1949, 3, p. 225.
42. Stern 1974, p. 191ff.
43. David Hacohen 1974, p. 85; Amos Ben-Gurion interview with Dov Goldstein, Ma’ariv, Oct. 17, 1986; Shlomo Lavi to Leah Meron-Katznelson et al., Aug. 1944, Ma’arachot 1968, p. 350ff.; Ze’ev Sherf, interview transcript, cassette 97, p. 5, BGA.
44. Joel Brand and Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Oct. 17, 1944, BGA.
45. Segev 1993, p. 76ff.; Ben-Gurion to Mapai activists, Dec. 8, 1942, BGA; Anita Shapira, “Berl, Ha’antishemiyut Vehasho’ah,” in Porat 2009, p. 237ff.
46. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Sept. 8, 1944, afternoon, BGA.
47. Ben-Gurion to the Cabinet, March 29, 1955, ISA; Segev 1993, p. 97.
48. Ben-Gurion to Israel Galili, Jan. 29, 1960, BGA.
49. Ben-Gurion 1964a, pp. 167, 177.
50. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 8, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion to Paula, May 11, 1945, BGA.
PART II: THE LIMITS OF POWER
1. Ben-Gurion interviewed by Yosef Avner, Avraham Kushnir, and Tom Segev, Nitzotz, April 28, 1968.
15. MAPS
1. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Aug. 8, 1947, and to the Assembly of Representatives, Oct. 2, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 278, 379.
2. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Feb. 13, 14, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 364ff.; Ben-Gurion 1969b, p. 65; Watching report, March 17–20, 1945, NA (UK) FO 141/1056.
3. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 21, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion 1963b, April 24, 1964; Slater 1970, pp. 21–28ff.; Rudolf Sonneborn to Amalie Katz, April 4, 1919, http://rudolfsonneborn.blogspot.co.il/2008/03/letter-18-march-20-1919.html; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Nov. 22, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 574; Haim Slavin, Adolf Robison, Ira Eisenstein, interview transcripts, BGA.
4. Paula to Ben-Gurion, date unclear, 1945, IDFA, Ben-Gurion deposit, selected documents from file 3469-800/1973.
5. Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 130.
6. Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 227ff.
7. Judah Nadich, interview transcript, BGA.
8. Weitz 1980, p. 53ff.; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Nov. 22, 1945, BGA; Judah Nadich, interview transcript, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Feb. 24, 1946, BGA; Segev 1993, pp. 115ff., 120; Zerach Warhaftig, interview transcript, BGA.
9. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Central Committee, Nov. 22, 1945, BGA; Moshe Sharett to Moshe Sneh and Shaul Avigur, Sept. 27, 1945, courtesy of the Moshe Sharett Heritage Association; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Oct. 20, 26, 1945, BGA; Kenan 1991, p. 343ff.
10. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Nov. 21, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 544ff.; Ben-Gurion to Paula, Feb. 9, 1946, in Ben-Gurion, Diary, BGA.
11. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Nov. 21, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 544ff.; Ben-Gurion to Paula, Feb. 9, 1946, in Ben-Gurion, Diary, BGA.
12. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Oct. 27, 1945, BGA; Zoirav to Ben-Gurion, Nov. 2, 1947, BGA.
13. Avriel, interview transcript, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Nov. 22, 1945, and to the Jewish Agency Executive, Nov. 21, 1945, BGA.
14. Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 398; Ben-Aharon, interview transcript, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Convention, Feb. 1, 1945, BGA.
15. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Nov. 22, 1945, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Feb. 3, 1946, and Ben-Gurion to Paula, Feb. 9, 1946, BGA; Ben-Gurion at the final session of the International Union of Zionist Labor Parties Convention, Dec. 24, 1946, BGA, Shabtai Teveth collection, file 162, item 256192.
16. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Feb. 11, 1945, BGA.
17. Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, Dec. 11, 1945, BGA; Kenan 1991, p. 351ff.; Slutsky 1973, 3, p. 1036; Dobkin to the Jewish Agency Executive, April 30, 1946, BGA; Segev 1993, p. 123ff.
18. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Nov. 22, 1945, BGA; Bauer 1974, pp. 120, 126, 304; “Hagolah Hayehudit be-1946,” Davar, Feb. 4, 1947.
19. Bauer 1974, pp. 269, 262; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Oct. 3, 1945, Jan. 20, 22, 25, June 24, Sept. 24, 1946, BGA.
20. Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 192.
21. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Sept. 13, 26, 1945, BGA; Nachmani 1987, p. 65ff.
22. Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 692; Segev 2010, p. 79; Crossman 1946, p. 102; Kenan 1991, p. 343ff.
23. Crossman 1946, p. 71.
24. Segev 2000, p. 348.
25. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 26, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, p. 11ff.
26. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Feb. 13, 1946, BGA.
27. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 11, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, p. 3.
28. The Jewish Case, 1947, pp. 69, 64.
29. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 26, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, pp. 13, 19, 15; Ben-Gurion to a public assembly, Oct. 10, 1946, in Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 1030.
30. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 11, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, pp. 9, 15, 16, 20; The Jewish Case, p. 74.
31. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 11, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, p. 25ff.
32. Crossman 1946, p. 138.
33. Crossman 1946, p. 115ff.
34. Ben-Gurion, “Teshuvah Lidvar Hashalit,” Assembly of Representatives, March 24, 1943, p. 6, BGA; Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in possession of the author, p. 5ff.
35. Ben-Gurion to the Anglo-American Commission, March 11, 1946, Public Hearings Before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, in the possession of the author, pp. 24ff, 30, 36.
36. Kaplan to the Jewish Agency Executive, May 29, 1946, BGA; Crossman 1946, p. 156ff.
37. Hoffman 2015, p. 298ff.
38. Alfasi 1994, 3, p. 172ff.
39. Ben-Gurion to Harold MacMichael, April 21, 1944, CZA S25/197.
40. Slutsky 1973, 3, p. 531.
41. Slutsky 1973, 3, p. 530ff.; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Sept. 24, 1946, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Convention, Nov. 26, 1944, in Ben-Gurion 1949, 2, p. 289ff.; Lapidot 1994.
42. Stern 1974, p. 210.
43. Moshe Sneh and Menachem Begin, Oct. 9, 1944, CZA S25/206.
44. Responses to questions from the public, April 18, 1947, p. 10, BGA.
45. Shaltiel 2000, pp. 213, 255, 257, 277.
46. Avriel testimony, in Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 60; Ben-Gurion, Diary, July 8, 1946, BGA.
47. Shaltiel 2000, pp. 276, 268.
48. Ben-Gurion to Moshe Sharett, July 24, 1946, CZA S25/10016; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Sept. 12, 1946, and Ben-Gurion to Paula, July 8, 11, 1946, BGA.
49. Ben-Gurion to Felix Frankfurter, July 17, 1946, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Convention, Aug. 23, 1946, BGA 1993a, p. 158.
50. Ganin 1978, p. 227ff.; Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 98ff.; Segev 2000, p. 49.
51. Mordechai Surkis, interview transcript, p. 2, BGA; Ben-Gurion at Zeilsheim DP camp, Oct. 14, 1946, in Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 1043; Proceedings of the 22nd Zionist Congress, p. 21, CZA J28.
52. Harry S Truman to Clement Attlee, Oct. 3, 1946, FRUS, Vol. VII, document 544, p. 703.
53. Ben-Gurion to Chaim Weizmann, Oct. 28, 1946, in Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 221ff.
54. Ben-Gurion to Zalman Rubishov, Dec. 20, 1946, in Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 288; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Sept. 14, Oct. 1, 1946, BGA; Mordechai Surkis, interview transcript, BGA; Moshe Gurari, interview transcript, p. 2, BGA.
55. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Dec. 29, 1946, Ben-Gurion 1993a, pp. 297, 232; Chaim Weizmann to the Zionist Congress, Dec. 11, 1946, in Proceedings of the 22nd Zionist Congress, p. 341, CZA J28.
56. Ben-Gurion 2014, p. 1030ff.
57. Ben-Gurion with George Henry Hall, June 20, 1946, BGA, Shabtai Teveth collection, people, Crossman; Ben-Gurion to Arthur Creech Jones, Jan. 2, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 309; Ben-Gurion at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oct. 12, 1945, BGA.
58. Meir 1975, p. 154; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Aug. 28, 1947, BGA.
59. “Palestine: A Study of Partition,” April 1947, NA (UK) CO 537/2344.
60. Brook at Cabinet, Feb. 14, 1947, NA (UK) CAB/195/5; colonial secretary to high commissioner, Feb. 17, 1947, NA (UK) FO 371 618736; John Gutch to Trefford Smith, Feb. 25, 1947, NA (UK) CO 537 2326; Horowitz 1951, p. 172ff; Segev 2000, p. 482ff.
61. Ben-Gurion to Ernest Bevin, Feb. 12, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993a, p. 354.
62. Ben-Gurion to Paula, in Ben-Gurion, Diary, Feb. 14, 15, 1947, BGA; Cabinet, Feb. 14, 1947, NA (UK) CAB/195/5; Ben-Gurion to William Jowitt, Feb. 13, 1947, BGA; Lord Chancellor memorandum, Feb. 14, 1947, NA (UK) PREM 8/627; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Aug. 9, 1947, 1993b, p. 284.
16. PARTITION
1. Ha’aretz, Davar, Nov. 30, 1947; Ben-Gurion to Eliezer Whartman, memoirs of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, BGA; Ben-Gurion to Haganah personnel, Jan. 15, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 37; Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 503, editor’s note.
2. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Aug. 8, 1947, BGA.
3. Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, June 7, 1947, BGA; letter to members of the Palmach, Oct. 17, 1948, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the UN Committee, July 7, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 263; Ben-Gurion 1963b, Aug. 2, 1964.
4. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, March 15, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, June 4, 1947, BGA; Directives to the Haganah Command, June 18, 1947; Avizohar 1993, p. 48; Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 305ff.
5. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Oct. 30, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 440; Zvi Ayalon, interview transcript.
6. Barel 2014, p. 91ff.
7. Ben-Gurion, Diary, March 26, April 9, 25, May 6, Dec. 29, 1947, March 28, 1948, BGA; Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 143, editor’s note 3; Ben-Gurion 1969b, p. 69ff.
8. Ben-Gurion to Paula, Oct. 7, 1938, in Ben-Gurion 1968, p. 238; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 16, 1938, BGA.
9. Ben-Gurion, Diary, March 26, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 142ff.; Ben-Gurion 1969b, p. 78.
10. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 27, 1947, March 2, 1948, BGA.
11. Moshe Shapira and Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Oct. 23, 1947, BGA; Rabin 1979, p. 37.
12. Ben-Gurion, Diary, April 16, 1947; Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Oct. 23, June 8, 1947; Ben-Gurion 1969b, pp. 69, 271.
13. Ben-Gurion, Diary, June 27, 1947, BGA.
14. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, March 25, Oct. 30, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 6, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion at a gathering of Palmach commanders, Sept. 14, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 241.
15. Ben-Gurion to the Zionist Congress, Dec. 18, 1946, and to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1969b, pp. 68ff, 78; Ben-Gurion to a meeting of Palmach commanders, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 242.
16. Meir, June 13, 1978, p. 20, interview transcript, BGA.
17. Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, June 8, 1947, BGA.
18. Stern 1974, p. 263ff.
19. Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Dec. 4, 1947, BGA.
20. Avizohar 1993b, p. 32; Ben-Gurion, Diary, April 17, 1947, BGA.
21. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Oct. 30, 1947, to the Mapai Council, Aug. 9, 1947, to the Zionist General Council, Aug. 26, 1947, to the Histadrut Executive, Aug. 6, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 445, 332, 341, 317.
22. Stern 1974, pp. 268, 263, 271; Avizohar 1993b, pp. 27, 81.
23. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, April 21, Aug. 2, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Executive, Aug. 6, 1947, and to the Mapai Council, Aug. 8, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 316ff., 277.
24. Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Executive, Aug. 6, 1947, and to the Mapai Council, Aug. 8, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 316ff., 277; Stern 1974, p. 271; Halamish 1990, p. 302ff.
25. Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Executive, March 26, 1947, and to the Mapai Council, Aug. 9, 1947, Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 66, 328.
26. Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 126, editor’s note 13, and p. 417, editor’s note 3.
27. Zemach 1947; Zemach 1983, p. 182.
28. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, April 21, 1947, BGA.
29. Replies to questions from the public, April 18, 1947, and Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, April 24, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, April 18, 1948, BGA; Naor 1988, p. 182ff.; Bein 1982, p. 271ff.
30. Ben-Gurion, Diary, March 6, 1938, BGA; Ben-Gurion to UNSCOP, July 7, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 256.
31. Halamish 1990, p. 302.
32. Eban 1997, pp. 92–93; Ben-Gurion to Paula, Sept. 2, 1947, Ben-Gurion to a public meeting, Nov. 25, 1947, Ben-Gurion to the Assembly of Representatives, Oct. 2, 1947, and Ben-Gurion statement, Nov. 30, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993, pp. 349, and editor’s note there, 493, 382, 502; Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, Nov. 30, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Executive and Mapai Central Committee, Dec. 3, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, p. 20; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Central Committee, Dec. 13, 1947, and to the Mapai secretariat, Dec. 30, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1949, 5, p. 255; Sheffer 2015, p. 345.
33. Ben-Gurion to the Jewish Agency Executive, May 22, 1947, BGA.
34. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, Dec. 3, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1949, 5, p. 259.
35. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Aug. 9, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 284.
36. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Central Committee, Oct. 11, 1947, and the Jewish Agency Executive, Oct. 26, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 394, 428; Ben-Gurion to the Histadrut Executive, Dec. 3, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, p. 21.
37. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Central Committee, Dec. 3, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, p. 22; Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, March 10, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1982e, p. 132.
38. “Tokhnit Likrat Pelishah,” Oct. 6, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 390, also Shabtai Teveth collection, people, BGA; Davar, Jan. 24, 1946; Ben-Artzi, interview transcript, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Nov. 13, 1947, BGA.
39. “Hatkafah al Shnei Ha’otobusim,” Dec. 4, 1947, BGA; Segev 2007.
40. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 22, 1947, BGA.
41. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 23, 1947, BGA; Moshe Kol, interview transcript, BGA.
42. Ben-Gurion to the Cabinet, Oct. 19, 1953, BGA.
43. Ben-Gurion 1993b, p. 147, editor’s note 2, p. 440, editor’s note 5; Slutsky 1973, 3, pp. 1325, 1372.
44. Davar, Dec. 12, 1947.
45. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 1, April 3, 1947.
46. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 11, 1947, BGA.
47. Galili to the Security Committee, Dec. 11, 1947, BGA; Amarami and Maletzky 1981, p. 154ff.; Operations Branch report, Dec. 19, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, Dec. 20, 1947, Jan. 1, 1948, pp. 61, 97.
48. Golda Meir with the high commissioner, Dec. 17, 1947, in Yogev 1979, p. 79ff.
49. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Sept. 19, 1947, BGA.
50. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 25, 27, 1947, BGA.
51. Ben-Gurion to the Council of the International Union of Zionist Labor Parties, Aug. 18, 1936, in Ben-Gurion 1973b, p. 381; Davar, Dec. 12–28, 1947; Slutsky 1973, 3, p. 1383.
52. Ben-Gurion to the Council of the International Union of Zionist Labor Parties, Aug. 18, 1936, in Ben-Gurion 1973c, p. 381; Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Jan. 1, 1947, in Ben-Gurion, Diary, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Central Committee, Jan. 8, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 29.
53. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Feb. 23, 1948, BGA.
54. Ben-Gurion, Diary, March 11, 1948; Segev 2000, pp. 515–16.
55. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Feb. 7, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 62.
56. Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1949, 3, p. 288.
57. Ben-Gurion, Diary, March 20, 1948, BGA; press release, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, p. 313; Joseph Heller 2010, p. 61ff.
58. Ben-Gurion 1969b, p. 79.
59. Ben-Gurion, Diary, April 23, May 24, 1948, BGA; Morris 2008, p. 140ff.
60. Sapir and Ben-Gurion at the Security Committee, Oct. 23, 1947, March 30, April 4, 1948, BGA.
61. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 2, 1947, BGA; Avizohar 1993b, p. 13.
62. Avizohar 1993b, pp. 12, 41; Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Oct. 23, 1947, BGA; Ben-Gurion, Diary, Oct. 22, 30, 1947, March 7, April 20, 1947, BGA.
63. Ben-Gurion 1969b, p. 86; Generals’ revolt, Israel Galili’s version, July 1948, BGA, general chronological material; Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 3, 5, 1948, BGA.
64. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 1, 1948, BGA.
65. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 11, 1947, BGA.
66. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 10, 1947, March 10, 1948, BGA.
67. Ezra Danin, interview transcript, BGA.
68. Ben-Gurion, Diary, May 1, 1948, BGA; Ben-Gurion to the Cabinet, Nov. 7, 1948, ISA; Morris 2008, p. 140ff.
69. Ben-Gurion, Diary, Dec. 11, 1947, Feb. 10, April 30, May 21, 1948, BGA.
70. Ben-Gurion with invited guests, Jan. 21, 1948, and Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, pp. 41ff., 86ff.
71. Ben-Gurion to the Mapai Council, Feb. 7, 1948, and to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, pp. 68ff., 92.
72. Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1948, in Ben-Gurion 1951, p. 92.
73. Gouri 1982, p. 11ff.
74. Ben-Gurion to the Security Committee, Feb. 3, 1948, BGA.
75. Ben-Gurion to UNSCOP, July 7, 1947, and Ben-Gurion to the Mapai secretariat, June 11, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1993b, pp. 264, 213; Ben-Gurion to the Zionist General Council, April 6, 1947, in Ben-Gurion 1982a, p. 345; Ben-Gurion to S.E., Feb. 5, 1954, in Ostfeld 1988, p. 241.
