fnnn – NYHT: ‘again and again, then ran over two more dogs. But when at last they arrived at the Westerns they’.

  fnoo – NYHT: ‘life’.

  fnpp – NYHT: ‘lurchers and Portugal’.

  fnqq – NYHT: ‘dairy and Tingmouth, the Newfoundland dog, had had the distemper and must’.

  fnrr – NYHT: ‘Nevertheless, Tingmouth kept’.

  fnss – NYHT: ‘and they had been, somehow, disappointing.’

  fntt – NYHT: ‘married? She did not mind what she wore; but, also, Martin was very particular still; he did not like her to dress in linen. So she must manage better in the house, and yet she was not formed to manage servants. And so she’.

  fnuu – NYHT: ‘step-sister’.

  fn1 – An unsigned leading article in the TLS, 28 August 1930, and signed, with variations and entitled ‘“Evelina’s” Step Sister’, in the NYHT, 14 and 21 September, (Kp4 C324). On 1 May 1930 VW wrote: ‘we are going touring Devon & Cornwall on Sunday which means a week off; & then I shall perhaps make my critical brain do a months work, for exercise. What could it be set to? Or a story? – no, not another story now. Perhaps Miss Burney’s half sister’s story’ (III VW Diary). She told Ethel Smyth on 6 July: ‘Now I must do a little very dreary work – boiling 2 articles in to one and spreading one in to 3: that makes my years income; but I can assure you it is hardly earned. I have to wrench my head to the left when it’s looking to the right’ (IV VW Letters, no. 2201). Then on 21 July: ‘Well, it is very wet, & I am rather discomposed, with making 2 articles into one & so on’ (III VW Diary). These suggest that the NYHT version predates the TLS. On 2 August VW wrote to Ethel Smyth again about ‘Dr Burney’s Evening Party’ in L&L: ‘One thing I did thanks to you – I re-read my Burney article, which is a thing I never do (I have never read any of my books a second time, except when they were re-printed, I shudder past them on the shelf as if they might bite me) anyhow, I read this article again, thanks to you, and rather liked it. The truth is though, these articles, all architecture, a kind of cabinet work, fitting parts together, making one paragraph balance another; are such hard labour in the doing that one cant read them without remembering the drudgery. One starts full tilt; one sees a scene in a flash; but the working out is almost (with me) unbelievably laborious. However, when I read it, I got more pleasure and less sense of backbreaking effort than usual – thanks to you again. Some of it needs emphasising though – some of it is too condensed. And I have just written another’ (IV VW Letters, no. 2215). On 9 March 1931, Marguerite Scialtiel of the agents Curtis Brown, in Paris, sent VW 1500 francs, presumably payment for this article (NYHT version) which had appeared in Le Figaro on 16–18 February in a translation, entitled ‘La Demi-Soeur de Fanny Burney’, by Jeanne Fournier-Pargoire (Kp4 D58). Scialtiel stated that Le Figaro was ‘clamouring for more’ (LWP Ad. 18). See also ‘Dr Burney’s Evening Party’ above and in CR2. Reading notes (Berg, RN 1.13) (VWRN XIII). The same issue of the TLS contained: a letter from W. C. Northcott, the Mayor of Hampstead, about the Keats House. Reprinted (text from TLS): G&R, CE.

  fn2 – Lot 386 on 15 April 1930 at Sotheby’s, according to Book Auction Records (Henry Stevens Son & Stiles, 1930), vol. xxvii, p. 429: ‘Evelina, 3 vols., a few minor stains in each vol., small worm-holes in the fore-margins of the last four ll. of vol. 3, orig. bds., paper back-strips, entirely uncut (7 1/2 in. by 4 1/2 in.), 1778’. The sale was reported in the TLS, 24 April 1930, p. 356.

  fn3 – Fanny Burney, Evelina, ed. Sir Frank D. Mackinnon (Clarendon Press, 1930), was advertised in the N&A, 6 December 1930, at 21s.: ‘This edition is illustrated from 18th century sources, and is uniform in format and appearance with R. W. Chapman’s five-volume Jane Austen’.

  fn4 – Strictly speaking, Maria Allen and Fanny Burney were step-sisters.

  fn5 – David Garrick (1717–79), actor, theatre manager and dramatist; Hester Lynch Thrale, née Salusbury, later Piozzi (1741–1821).

  fn6 – The Early Diary of Frances Burney 1768–1778, with a Selection from her Correspondence …, ed. Annie Raine Ellis (2 vols, George Bell and Sons, 1889), vol. i, p. 100, which has: ‘Maria most justly describes herself as not being “near so squeamish as you are”’.

  fn7 – Ibid., letter from Maria to Fanny, undated, c. 1770 or 1771, p. 102, which has: ‘… home – was I alone – guess – well all is vanity and vexation of spirit – did I pass a happy eve – guess …’

  fn8 – Ibid., p. 109.

  fn9 – Ibid., July 1771, p. 121, which has: ‘That droll girl has so very great a love of sport and mirth, that there is nothing she will not do to contribute to it.’

  fn10 – Ibid., August 1771, p. 128, which has: ‘But, if it is possible, she is too sincere; she pays too little regard to the world; and indulges …’

  fn11 – According to Maria, ibid., 1771, p. 125.

  fn12 – James Fordyce (1720–96), Sermons to Young Women (1765, and often reprinted).

  fn13 – According to Maria, Early Diary, vol. i, 21 November 1771, p. 136.

  fn14 – Quoted by Maria, ibid., 1772, p. 158, which has: ‘room’ instead of ‘reason’.

  fn15 – Ibid., letter from Maria to Fanny, undated, 1772, which has: ‘I think those the sentiments …’

  fn16 – Ibid.

  fn17 – Ibid., letter from Maria to Fanny, 21 May 1772, p. 174.

  fn18 – Samuel Crisp (1707–83), playwright.

  fn19 – Maria in a joint letter to Fanny, undated, June 1772, Early Diary, vol. i, p. 174, which has: ‘he almost made me mad – if he had been a Mahoon [i.e. a Turk] he could not have merited what Crisp said.’

  fn20 – Ibid.

  fn21 – Ibid., Susan Burney in a joint letter to Fanny.

  fn22 – According to Mrs Edgell, ibid., p. 177. ‘Bashaw’ was an earlier form of ‘Pasha’, a haughty, imperious man.

  fn23 – Ibid., vol. i, January 1773, p. 184.

  fn24 – Johann Christian Fischer (1733–1800), oboist and composer. Dr Burney wrote that ‘Fischer was the most pleasing and perfect performer on the hautbois, and the most ingenious composer for that instrument that has ever delighted our country during full sixty years’ (quoted ODNB).

  fn25 – Elizabeth Ann Linley (1754–92). Fanny commented that her voice was ‘soft, sweet, clear, and affecting. She sings with good expression, and has great fancy and even taste in her cadences, though perhaps a finished singer would give less way to the former, and prefer few and select notes. She has an exceeding good shake, and the best and most critical judges all pronounce her to be infinitely superior to all other English singers’ (Early Diary, vol. i, April 1773, p. 202).

  fn26 – Ibid., letter from Maria to Fanny, 22 February 1773, p. 193. Presumably ‘p-p-y’ stands for ‘popinjay’.

  fn27 – Ibid., letter from Maria to Fanny, 25 April 1773, p. 204, which has: ‘the very neatest Thatchd Cottages’.

  fn28 – See ibid., p. 204, fn. 2: ‘The Misses Minifie, of Fairwater, Somersetshire, were novel writers of that day. One of them married General Gunning, brother of the beauties, Lady Coventry and the Duchess of Hamilton.’ Raphael (Sanzio) (1483–1520); Antonio da Corregio (1489–1534).

  fn29 – Ibid., p. 204.

  fn30 – See ibid., p. 264, fn. 2: ‘In 1824, Sir Walter Scott describes the whiskey of Mrs. Margaret Dods, of the Cleikum Inn, St Ronan’s, as being “a vehicle, which, had it appeared in Piccadilly, would have furnished … laughter for a week…. It was a two-wheeled vehicle, sturdily and safely low upon its little old-fashioned wheels.”’

  fn31 – Ibid., July 1773, p. 222.

  fn32 – Ibid., p. 221, which has: ‘As to Mr. Rishton he almost detests her, but his wife is really attached to her, which is an unfortunate circumstance.’

  fn33 – Frances Bowdler; Thomas Bowdler, MD (1754–1825).

  fn34 – Early Diary, vol. i, July 1773, p. 221, which has: ‘Mr. Rishton … cannot endure even the sight of her, a woman, he says, who despises …’

  fn35 – Ibid.

  fn36 – Ibid.

  fn37 – Ibid., ‘Tingmouth Journal’, pp. 230, 231, 232, et passim.

  fn38 – Ibid., August 1773, p. 242, which has: ‘Mr. Rishton has an uncommon aversion to every thing that leads towards flirtation …’

  fn39 – See ibid., pp. 242–3: ‘Mr. Crispen … is become almost odious. I fancy that his friendship for Miss Bowdler has much contributed to make Mr. Rishton dislike him.’

  fn40 – Ibid., p. 243. Edmund Spenser (1552?–99), The Faerie Queen (1590–6).

  fn41 – Ibid., 16 September 1773, p. 252.

  fn42 – Ibid., letter to Fanny from Maria, 2 October 1773, p. 265, which has: ‘how coud we bear to be seen in Oxford, where we [sic] had once shone forth the gay, the extravagant Martin Rishton – whose only carriage was a phaeton …’

  fn43 – Ibid., 1773?, p. 266.

  fn44 – Ibid., which has: ‘I am not formd to manage a set of caballing insolent servants.’

  fn45 – Ibid., which has: ‘… still so awkward and bashfull, (a favourite expression of Martin,) …’

  fn46 – Ibid., which has: ‘Rishton, Who I believe is the Most Active Creature Alive …’

  fn47 – Ibid., which has: ‘Come Maria you must go with me and see how charmingly Damon … hunts … I know of a pheasants Nest about two miles of you Shall go and see it’.

  fn48 – Ibid.

  fn49 – Ibid., p. 268.

  fn50 – Ibid., which has: ‘… that I remember …’

  fn51 – Ibid., 1786, p. 268, fn. 1.

  Wm. Hazlitt, the Man

  fn1 – A signed essay in the NYHT, 7 September 1930, and, unsigned with variations, and entitled ‘William Hazlitt’, as the leading article in the TLS, 18 September 1930, (Kp4 C325), of The Complete Works of William Hazlitt [1778–1830], ed. P. P. Howe (J. M. Dent & Sons, 1930), vols i, iv, v; an advertisement for the 21-vol. edition appeared on p. 722 beside the TLS review; for VW’s reading notes on vol. x of Howe’s edition, see (Berg, RN 1.22) (VWRN XXII, B.14). The essay was further revised for CR2. The reader is referred here, where the revised version, together with the TLS variants in the form of endnotes, is printed in its place as part of CR2. The same issue of the TLS contained: a review of E. F. Benson’s As We Were: A Victorian Peep-Show, a book VW ‘moon[ed] torpidly through’ (III VW Diary, 27 December 1930). On about 20 March 1928 VW wrote to Vita Sackville-West, informing her that she had finished the draft of O, and continued: ‘I have been reading Hazlitt. For 5 minutes my mind runs on the same rails that the book runs on. I can only think in the same curves. Could you tell me where I began to read Hazlitt and where I left off?’ (III VW Letters, no. 1873). On 29 April 1930 she wrote: ‘I shall tire of Hazlitt & criticism after the first divine relief’ of finishing the first draft of The Waves (III VW Diary). On 14 May: ‘Shall I or shall I not read the three long MSS. on my table – or go on reading Hazlitt for an article that has to be begun tomorrow’ (IV VW Letters, no. 2179). By 18 May she was ‘thrusting through the mornings work (Hazlitt now)’ (III VW Diary). On 6 July she seemed to be referring to ‘Wm. Hazlitt, the Man’ and ‘Fanny Burney’s Half-Sister’ when she wrote: ‘Now I must do a little very dreary work – boiling 2 articles in to one and spreading one in to 3: that makes my years income; but I can assure you it is hardly earned. I have to wrench my head to the left when it’s looking to the right’ (IV VW Letters, no. 2201). On 25 August she was ‘re-writing Hazlitt’ (III VW Diary). On 28 August she ‘must correct Hazlitt’ (IV VW Letters, no. 2224). On 7 September she has been ‘correcting a damnable article on Hazlitt’ (ibid., no. 2233). On 8 September she started a new volume of her diary: ‘But the sentence with which this book was to open ran “Nobody has ever worked so hard as I do”– exclaimed in driving a paper fastener through the 14 pages of my Hazlitt just now. Time was when I dashed off these things all in the days work. Now, partly because I must do them for America & make arrangements far ahead, I spend I daresay a ridiculous amount of time, more of trouble on them. I began reading Hazlitt in January I think. And I am not sure that I have speared that little eel in the middle – that marrow – which is one’s object in criticism. A very difficult business no doubt to find it, in all these essays; so many; so short; & on all subjects. Never mind; it shall go today; & my appetite for criticism is, oddly, whettened. I have some gift that way, were it not for the grind & the screw & the torture –’ (III VW Diary). Reading notes (Berg, RN 1.22) (VWRN XXII).

  fn2 – Hazlitt, Table-Talk: Original Essays on Men and Manners (1821–2), ed. by his son [William Hazlitt, 1811–93] (2 vols, C. Templeman, 1845–6), vol. ii, ‘Why Distant Objects Please’, p. 155, which has: ‘… any one that we’.

  fn3 – Unpublished Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge [1772–1834] …, ed. Earl Leslie Griggs (Constable, 1932), vol. i, Letter 126, to Tom Wedgwood, 16 September 1803, p. 278.

  fn4 – On 4 January 1931 the New York Times included this in its ‘A Sheaf of Similes for 1930’.

  fn5 – Unpublished Letters of Coleridge, p. 278, which has: ‘His manners are to 99 in 100 …’

  fn6 – Charles Lamb (1775–1834).

  fn7 – Hazlitt, The Plain Speaker: Opinions on Books, Men, and Things (2 vols, Henry Colburn, 1826), vol. i, ‘Whether Genius is Conscious of Its Powers?’, p. 291, which has: ‘not being a government-tool’.

  fn8 – W. Carew Hazlitt [1834–1913, Hazlitt’s grandson], Memoirs of William Hazlitt … (2 vols, Richard Bentley, 1867), vol. ii, p. 26, which has: ‘pimpled’. See also Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, vol. iii, no. xvii (August 1818), p. 599, col. b, in an unsigned review of The Works of Charles Lamb: ‘to “pimpled Hazlitt,” notwithstanding his “coxcomb lectures” on Poetry and Shakespeare, he [Lamb] does not condescend to say one syllable’.

  fn9 – Table-Talk, vol. ii, ‘Why Distant Objects Please’, p. 157.

  fn10 – Hazlitt, Literary Remains of the Late William Hazlitt (2 vols, Saunders and Otley, 1836), vol. ii, Essay xi, ‘On the Conduct of Life; or, Advice to a School-boy’, p. 108; also quoted in Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 19: ‘Artists, I think, who have succeeded in their chief object, live to be old, and are agreeable old men. Their minds keep alive to the last.’

  fn11 – Memoirs, vol. i, p. 25, for all three quotations. (In the version of ‘Project for a new Theory of Civil and Criminal Legislation’, collected in Literary Remains, vol. i, p. 3, the first and third quotes are omitted.)

  fn12 – Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–69).

  fn13 – Hazlitt, Essay on the Principles of Human Action: Being an Argument in favour of the Natural Disinterestedness of the Human Mind. To which are added, Some Remarks on the Systems of Hartley and Helvetius (J. Johnson, 1805).

  fn14 – Memoirs, vol. i, p. 131, which has: ‘The “Essay on Human Actions” dropped stillborn …’

  fn15 – This seems to echo the ‘blue remembered hills’ in Poem xl, A Shropshire Lad (1896), although VW wrote two days after the death of A. E. Housman (1859–1936) that she found his poems ‘too laden with a particular scent for [her] taste. May, death, lads, Shropshire’ (VI VW Letters, no. 3126, 2 May 1936).

  fn16 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78); Edmund Burke (1729–97), statesman and political philosopher. The first of the letters of ‘Junius’, an anonymous (and still unidentified) Whig political correspondent, appeared in the Public Advertiser of October 1768. On 4 January 1928 VW wrote: ‘there is a theory … that she [Orlando] was the author of the letters of Junius’ (O Holograph, MS 179, and see Appendix A).

  fn17 – On 1 May 1808 Hazlitt married Sarah Stoddart (1774–1840), the daughter of a retired naval lieutenant.

  fn18 – In 1812–C. 1819, Hazlitt rented 19 York Street, Westminster, from Jeremy Bentham whose own house abutted the property.

  fn19 – Memoirs, vol. ii, ‘Mrs Hazlitt’s Diary’, Tuesday 30 April 1822, p. 40.

  fn20 – For VW on Michel de Montaigne (1533–92), see ‘Montaigne’, CR1 and IV VW Essays; Francis Bacon (1561–1626).

  fn21 – Hazlitt, Lectures on the English Poets (Taylor and Hessey, 1818), ‘On Swift, Young, Gray, Collins, &c’, p. 208.

  fn22 – Table-Talk, vol. i, ‘On the Past and Future’, pp. 6–7, which has: ‘Without that face pale as …’

  fn23 – For Hazlitt’s ‘Hot and Cold’, ‘On Envy (A Dialogue)’ and ‘On Egotism’, see The Plain Speaker, vol. i, pp. 407–28, 231–53 and 377–403, respectively.

  fn24 – Unpublished Letters of Coleridge, vol. i, Letter 126, p. 279.

  fn25 – For the meeting with Coleridge, see ‘My First Acquaintance with Poets’, Literary Remains, vol. ii, pp. 361–96; for reading ‘La Nouvelle Heloise’, see ‘On going a Journey’, Table-Talk, vol. i, pp. 343–60, at p. 353; and for ‘The Fight’, on an encounter between Tom (the ‘Gas-Man’) Hickman and Bill Neate, see Table-Talk, vol. i, pp. 236–65 (and Literary Remains, vol. ii, pp. 195–226, and Memoirs, vol. ii, ch. vii and viii).

  fn26 – Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 238, which has: ‘I’ve’. Hazlitt died on 18 September 1830 at 6 Frith Street, Soho, aetat 52.

  Memories of a Working Women’s Guild

  fn1 – A signed essay in the Yale Review, September 1930, (Kp4 C326), which was revised as the introduction to Life as We Have Known It (Kp4 B11): see ‘Introductory Letter to Margaret Llewelyn Davies’, here below.

  At the invitation (LWP) of Margaret Llewelyn Davies (1861–1944), General Secretary of the Women’s Co-operative Guild, 1889–1922, the Woolfs attended the Guild Congress in Newcastle, 9–11 June 1913. LW wrote to Davies on 13 June: ‘I feel we must thank you for the Congress. I don’t know when I’ve enjoyed anything so much & Virginia feels the same. It was simply absorbing from beginning to end, & everything about it was splendid. I only hope you’ll allow us to come again another year. Virginia is so enthusiastic that she will not rest until she is sent some day as a delegate. [In VW’s hand:] This is quite true about both of us. Being ignorant doesnt mean that one cant at least appreciate. (however, being ignorant only applies to me)’ (Letters of Leonard Woolf, ed. Frederic Spotts [Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989], p. 381).

 

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