The house of the dead, p.49
The House of the Dead, page 49
43. Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina, p. 276; GATOvgT, f. i376, op. 1, d. 56 (1848), ll. 38–40.
44. Fyodor Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, trans. David McDuff (London, 2003), pp. 99–102 [translation modified].
45. Kennan, Siberia and the Exile System, vol. 1, pp. 391–2.
46. GAIO, f. 24, op. 3, k. 2, d. 23 (1827), l. 9; RGIA, f. 1149, op. 2, d. 99 (1838), l. 6; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 8, d. 1086 (1843), l. 6; RGIA, f. 1286, op. 7, d. 341 (1840), l. 112 ob; RGIA, f. 383, op. 29, d. 924 (1806), l. 28; RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 51 (1828), ll. 187–8 ob; Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii II (55 vols.), vol. 3, no. 2286; vol. 4, no. 3377; vol. 28, section 1, no. 27736; A. D. Margolis, ‘Soldaty-dekabristy v Petropavlovskoi kreposti i sibirskoi ssylke’, in idem, Tiur’ma i ssylka v imperatorskoi Rossii: Issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (Moscow, 1995), p. 73.
47. RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 71 (1835), l. 150.
3 BROKEN SWORDS
1. I. D. Iakushkin, Memuary, stat’i, dokumenty (Irkutsk, 1993), p. 151; S. P. Trubetskoi, Materialy o zhizni i revoliutsionnoi deiatel’nosti, 2 vols. (Irkutsk, 1983–7), vol. 1, pp. 281–2; Mariia Volkonskaia, Zapiski Marii Volkonskoi (St Petersburg, 1904), p. 14; N. M. Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina v tiur’me i ssylke (St Petersburg, 1872), p. 537; A. N. Murav’ev, Sochineniia i pis’ma (Irkutsk, 1986), p. 263.
2. N. V. Basargin, Zapiski (Krasnoyarsk, 1985), p. 79.
3. Allison Blakely, ‘American Influences on Russian Reformist Thought in the Era of the French Revolution’, The Russian Review, vol. 52, no. 4 (October 1993), pp. 451–71; Orlando Figes, Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia (London, 2002), pp. 74–5; Krista Agnew, ‘The French Revolutionary Influence on the Russian Decembrists’, Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, vol. 22 (1993), pp. 333–9; Julie Grandhaye, Les décembristes: une génération républicaine en Russie autocratique (Paris, 2011), pp. 74–8.
4. G. A. Rimskii-Korsakov, ‘Extrait de la lettre d’un russe refugié en Allemagne’, in Gennadii Nevelev (ed.), Dekabristskii kontekst (St Petersburg, 2012), p. 33; Richard Stites, The Four Horsemen: Riding to Liberty in Post-Napoleonic Europe (Oxford, 2014), pp. 256–7; Figes, Natasha’s Dance, pp. 84–5; Marc Raeff, The Decembrist Movement (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1966), ch. 2.
5. M. V. Dovnar-Zapol’skii, Idealy dekabristov (Moscow, 1907), p. 94.
6. Cited in Theophilus Prousis, Russian Society and the Greek Revolution (DeKalb, IL, 1994), p. 47; Stites, The Four Horsemen, pp. 272–89; Isabel de Madariaga, ‘Spain and the Decembrists’, European Studies Review, vol. 3, no. 2 (1973), pp. 141–56.
7. Andrzej Walicki, Philosophy and Romantic Nationalism: The Case of Poland (Oxford, 1982), pp. 33, 81; Franklin Walker, ‘Poland in the Decembrists’ Strategy of Revolution’, Polish Review, vol. 15, no. 2 (Spring 1970), pp. 43–54.
8. S. G. Volkonskii, Zapiski (Irkutsk, 1991), p. 383.
9. V. A. Fedorov (ed.), ‘Arest dekabristov’, Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriia VIII: Istoriia, vol. 5 (1985), pp. 59–71.
10. Stites, The Four Horsemen, pp. 293–314.
11. Anatole Mazour, The First Russian Revolution, 1825: The Decembrist Movement, Its Origins, Development, and Significance (Stanford, 1937), ch. 8; Grandhaye, Les décembristes, ch. 7.
12. Aleksander Pushkin, Eugene Onegin (1833), trans. Stanley Mitchell (London, 2008), p. 213.
13. Mazour, The First Russian Revolution, ch. 4; Patrick O’Meara, The Decembrist Pavel Pestel: Russia’s First Republican (Basingstoke, 2003), ch. 6; Glynn R. V. Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile: The Decembrist Memoirs (Montreal, 1974), pp. 1–10; Susanna Rabow-Edling, ‘The Decembrists and the Concept of a Civic Nation’, Nationalities Papers, vol. 35, no. 2 (May 2007), pp. 369–91; Grandhaye, Les décembristes, ch. 6; Raeff, The Decembrist Movement, chs. 4–6. For a general discussion of patriotism at the beginning of the nineteenth century see Maurizio Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism (Oxford, 1995).
14. W. Bruce Lincoln, Nicholas I: Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias (Bloomington, IN, 1978), p. 79; Figes, Natasha’s Dance, pp. 72–3; Stites, The Four Horsemen, p. 256.
15. N. M. Karamzin, Zapiski o drevnei i novoi Rossii (St Petersburg, 1914), p. 122.
16. Pavla Miller, The Transformations of Patriarchy in the West, 1500–1900 (Bloomington, IN, 1998); Susan K. Morrissey, Suicide and the Body Politic in Imperial Russia (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 11–12; Richard S. Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1995), vol. 1, ch. 9.
17. ‘Gosudar’! Ispoveduiu tebe iako boiashchiisia boga’, Istoricheskii arkhiv, 2006, no. 1, pp. 166–7, 174.
18. IRLI RAN, f. 57, op. 5, n. 2, ll. 27, 273; B. Syroechkovskii, ‘Iz zapisok Nikolaia I o 14 dekabria 1825 g.’, Krasnyi arkhiv, 1924, no. 4, pp. 230–31; N. F. Karash, Kniaz’ Sergei Volkonskii: istoriia zhizni dekabrista (Irkutsk, 2006), pp. 161–2.
19. Roman Koropeckyj, Adam Mickiewicz: The Life of a Romantic (Ithaca, 2008), p. 72.
20. N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Nikolai Pervyi: ego zhizn’ i tsarstvovanie, 2 vols. (St Petersburg, 1897), vol. 1, pp. 453–4.
21. A. I. Gertsen, ‘Byloe i dumy’, Sobranie sochinenii, 30 vols. (Moscow, 1954–65), vol. 8, p. 61; ‘Manifest 13 iulia 1826’, in Nevelev (ed.), Dekabristskii kontekst, p. 25.
22. ‘Kazn’ 14 iiulia 1825 goda’, Poliarnaia zvezda, 1861, no. 6, pp. 72–5; Mazour, The First Russian Revolution, p. 213.
23. N. Ramazanov, ‘Kazn’ dekabristov. Rasskazy sovremennikov’, Russkii arkhiv, 1881, no. 2, pp. 341–6; Ludmilla A. Trigos, ‘The Spectacle of the Scaffold: Performance and Subversion in the Execution of the Decembrists’, in Marcus Levitt and Tatyana Novikov (eds.), Times of Trouble: Violence in Russian Literature and Culture (Madison, WI, 2007), pp. 42–56. In fact, it was precisely because the death penalty had barely been used for some seventy years that Russia had needed to summon specialist hangmen from Sweden; it had none of its own. Mikhail Zetlin, The Decembrists (New York, 1958), p. 277.
24. ‘Manifest 13 iulia 1826’, in Nevelev (ed.), Dekabristskii kontekst, p. 25.
25. V. M. Bokov (ed.), Dekabristy i ikh vremia. Trudy moskovskoi i leningradskoi sektsii po izucheniiu dekabristov i ikh vremia, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1929–32), vol. 1, p. 209; Gertsen, ‘Byloe i dumy’, p. 59; Arkhiv dekabrista S. G. Volkonskogo, vol. 1: Do Sibiri (Petrograd, 1918), p. xix; Raeff, The Decembrist Movement, p. 163.
26. Jacques-François Ancelot, Six mois en Russie: Lettres écrites à M. X.-B. Saintines en 1826 (Paris, 1827), pp. 411–12.
27. IRLI RAN, f. 57, op. 1, n. 61, ll. 27, 42.
28. Nikita Murav’ev, Pis’ma dekabrista 1813–1826 gg. (Moscow, 2001), pp. 212–13; GARF, f. 1153, op. 1, d. 135 (1825), l. 1. Volkonsky expressed similar feelings of remorse. See O. Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, Zven’ia, nos. 3–4 (Moscow, 1934), p. 54.
29. Nikolai Nekrasov, ‘Russkie zhenshchiny’, Sobranie sochinenii v vos’mi tomakh, 8 vols. (Moscow, 1965–7), vol. 3, pp. 21–87; Christine Sutherland, The Princess of Siberia: The Story of Maria Volkonsky and the Decembrist Exiles (London, 1984); Anatole Mazour, Women in Exile: Wives of the Decembrists (Tallahassee, FL, 1975); Mikhail Filin, Mariia Volkonskaia: ‘utaennaia liubov’ Pushkina (Moscow, 2006).
30. Trubetskoi, Materialy, vol. 1, pp. 110, 112, 166, 177, 204–5.
31. Filin, Mariia Volkonskaia, pp. 143–53.
32. Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, pp. 28–60; Sutherland, The Princess of Siberia, p. 108.
33. E. Anisimov, Dyba i knut: politicheskii sysk i russkoe obshchestvo v XVIII veke (Moscow, 1999), pp. 621–30.
34. Iu. M. Lotman, ‘Dekabrist v povsednevnoi zhizni’, in idem, Besedy o russkoi kul’ture: byt i traditsii russkogo dvorianstva (XVIII–nachalo XIX veka) (St Petersburg, 2011), pp. 353–4.
35. Basargin, Zapiski, p. 39; Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 10.
36. Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, p. 36; IRLI RAN, f. 57, op. 5, n. 2, l. 203.
37. Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, pp. 42–3.
38. Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 20.
39. V. A. Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov v Sibir’: Dokumenty ob otpravke osuzhdennykh na katorgu i v ssylku i ob usloviiakh ikh soderzhaniia 1826–1837 gg.’, Istoricheskii arkhiv, 2006, no. 6, p. 48; D. I. Zavalishin, Zapiski dekabrista, 2nd edn (St Petersburg, 1906), p. 249.
40. ‘Vospominaniia o 1826-m i 1827-m godakh Kniazia Evgeniia Petrovicha Obolenskogo’, in V. A. Fedotov (ed.), Memuary dekabristov (Moscow, 1981), p. 97; I. I. Gorbachevskii, ‘Zapiski’, in A. S. Nemzer (ed.), Memuary dekabristov (Moscow, 1988), p. 395; A. E. Rozen, Zapiski dekabrista (Leipzig, 1870), p. 197.
41. Zavalishin, Zapiski, p. 255.
42. Basargin, Zapiski, p. 52; Murav’ev, Pis’ma dekabrista 1813–1826 gg., p. 215; B. E. Syroechkovskii, Mezhdutsarstvie 1825 goda i vosstanie dekabristov v memuarakh i perepiske chlenov tsarskoi sem’i (Moscow, 1926), p. 62; Trubetskoi, Materialy, vol. 1, pp. 113–14; Iakushkin, Memuary, p. 177; Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile, p. 19; Karash, Kniaz’ Sergei Volkonskii, p. 170.
43. A. D. Margolis, ‘Etapirovanie dekabristov v Sibir’’, in idem, Tiur’ma i ssylka v imperatorskoi Rossii. Issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (Moscow, 1995), p. 60; Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p. 49.
44. M. K. Azadovskii (ed.), Vospominaniia Bestuzhevykh (Moscow, 1951), pp. 139, 140, 142; Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p. 52; P. E. Shchegolev, ‘Dekabristy na puti v Sibir’: Po neizdannym materialam. Otkliki’, no. 22 Prilozhenie k no. 150 gazety Den’, 1914, pp. 4–5.
45. M. M. Gedenshtrom, Otryvki o Sibiri (St Petersburg, 1830), p. 4; Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile, p. 209; Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p. 52.
46. N. I. Lorer, ‘Zapiski moego vremeni: vospominanie o proshlom’, in Nemzer (ed.), Memurary dekabristov, p. 397.
47. Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p. 52; Basargin, Zapiski, p. 99.
48. Zavalishin,Zapiski, p. 256; S. V. Kodan, Sibirskaia ssylka dekabristov (Irkutsk, 1983), p. 100; Fedotov (ed.), ‘Krestnyi put’ dekabristov’, p. 49; T. A. Pertseva, ‘Nakazanie dekabristov: dolzhenstvuiushchee i real’noe’, in Sibirskaia ssylka (Irkutsk, 2011), no. 6 (18), p. 117.
49. M. A. Fonvizin, Sochineniia i pis’ma, 2 vols. (Irkutsk, 1979), vol. 1, p. 134; Basargin, Zapiski, p. 98; S. V. Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, 3rd edn (St Petersburg, 1900), p. 392.
50. Basargin, Zapiski, p. 99.
51. Margolis, ‘Etapirovanie dekabristov’, p. 57; Andrew A. Gentes, Exile, Murder and Madness in Siberia, 1823–61 (Basingstoke, 2010), pp. 86–7.
52. Iadrintsev, Russkaia obshchina, p. 189; Fyodor Dostoevsky, The House of the Dead, trans. David McDuff (London, 2003), pp. 95–6; L. Mel’shin [P. F. Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh: zapiski byvshego katorzhnika (St Petersburg, 1896), p. 16.
53. V. P. Kolesnikov, ‘Zapiski neschastnogo, soderzhashchie puteshestvie v Sibir’ po kanatu’, Zaria, 1869, no. 4, pp. 57–8, 60–63; RGIA, f. 468, op. 25, d. 244 (1828), l. 124 ob.
54. Kolesnikov, ‘Zapiski neschastnogo’, no. 5, pp. 22, 25–6, 30.
55. Wortman, Scenarios of Power, vol. 1, ch. 9.
56. ‘Ustav o ssyl’nykh’, nos. 758–9, in Uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia sibirskikh gubernii (St Petersburg, 1822); GARF, f. 109, 1 eksp., op. 1, d. 61, ch. 3 (1826), ll. 6–7. The statutes were still barring women who had followed their husbands to Nerchinsk from returning to Russia in the 1870s. See RGIA, f. 1286, op. 38, d. 334 (1877), l. 1.
57. ‘Dnevnik Anastasii Vasil’evny Iakushkinoi’, Novyi mir, 1964, no. 12, pp. 138–59; Iakushkin, Memuary, pp. 51, 54, 165; GARF, f. 109, 1 eksp., op. 1, d. 61, ch. 56 (1826), ll. 6–7, 11, 18.
58. B. L. Mozdalevskii, ‘Dekabrist S. G. Volkonskii v katorzhnoi rabote v Blagodatskom rudnike’, in Iu. G. Oskman (ed.), Bunt Dekabristov (Leningrad, 1926), pp. 340, 346.
59. Mozdalevskii, ‘Dekabrist S. G. Volkonskii’, p. 351; Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 15; Filin, Mariia Volkonskaia, p. 172.
60. Sutherland, The Princess of Siberia, p. 124; W. Bruce Lincoln, The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians (Ithaca, 1994), pp. 174–5; Figes, Natasha’s Dance, p. 92; Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 15. On Nicholas’s orders, see GARF, f. 109, 1 eksp., op. 1, d. 61, ch. 3 (1826), ll. 6–7; M. O. Gershenzon (ed.), ‘Pis’ma kn. M. N. Volkonskoi iz Sibiri, 1827–1831’, Russkie propilei (Moscow, 1915), p. 18; GARF, f. 1146, op. 1, d. 2028 (1826), l. 7; Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, p. 58.
61. S. Wilson, ‘The Myth of Motherhood a Myth: The Historical View of European Child-Rearing’, Social History, vol. 9, no. 2 (1984), pp. 81–98; P. D. Jimack, ‘The Paradox of Sophie and Julie: Contemporary Responses to Rousseau’s Ideal Wife and Ideal Mother’, in E. Jacobs et al (eds.), Woman and Society in Eighteenth-Century France (London, 1979), pp. 152–65; Carol Duncan, ‘Happy Mothers and Other New Ideas in French Art’, Art Bulletin, vol. 55, no. 4 (1973), pp. 570–83; Michelle Lamarche Marrese, A Woman’s Kingdom: Noblewomen and the Control of Property in Russia, 1700–1861 (Ithaca, 2002), pp. 197–204; idem, ‘“The Poetics of Everyday Behavior” Revisited’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, vol. 11, no. 4 (Fall 2010), p. 715; Figes, Natasha’s Dance, pp. 120–21.
62. Mozdalevskii, ‘Dekabrist S. G. Volkonskii’, p. 358.
63. Popova, ‘Istoriia zhizni M. N. Volkonskoi’, p. 43; P. E. Shchegolev, ‘Iz razyskanii v oblasti biografii i teksta Pushkina’, Pushkin i ego sovremenniki, vol. 14 (1911), p. 180; L. G. Frizman, Dekabristy i russkaia literatura (Moscow, 1988); Harriet Murav, ‘“Vo Glubine Sibirskikh Rud”: Siberia and the Myth of Exile’, in Galya Diment and Yuri Slezkine (eds.), Between Heaven and Hell: The Myth of Siberia in Russian Culture (New York, 1993), pp. 95–100.
64. Alexander S. Pushkin, ‘Message to Siberia’, trans. Alan Myers, in idem, The Complete Works of Alexander Pushkin, 15 vols. (ed. I. Sproat et al) (Downham Market, 1999), vol. 3, p. 42.
65. M. V. Nechkina, 14oe dekabria 1825-ogo goda i ego tolkovateli: Gertsen i Ogarev protiv Barona Korfa (Moscow, 1994); S. E. Erlikh, Istoriia mifa: ‘Dekabristskaia legenda’ Gertsena (St Petersburg, 2006); Stites, The Four Horsemen, pp. 328–9.
66. O’Meara, The Decembrist Pavel Pestel, pp. 124–38; K. F. Miziano, ‘Ital’ianskoe Risordzhimento i peredovoe obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v Rossii XIX veka’, in Rossiia i Italiia: iz istorii russko-ital’ianskikh kul’turnykh i obshchestvennykh otnoshenii (Moscow, 1986), p. 97; B. S. Shostakovich, ‘Politicheskie ssyl’nye poliaki i dekabristy v Sibiri’, Ssyl’nye revoliutsionery v Sibiri (XIX v. – fevral’ 1917), no. 1 (Irkutsk, 1973), pp. 245–53.
67. Basargin,Zapiski, pp. 77–8; Ludmilla A. Trigos, The Decembrist Myth in Russian Culture (Basingstoke, 2009), pp. 15–23, 31.
4 THE MINES OF NERCHINSK
1. William Coxe, Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, 4th edn, 5 vols. (London, 1792), vol. 3, pp. 436–7; I. V. Shcheglov, Khronologicheskii perechen’ vazhneishikh dannykh iz istorii Sibiri: 1032–1882 gg. (Irkutsk, 1883), pp. 67–8; L. A. Puliaevskii, Ocherk po istorii g. Nerchinska (Nerchinsk, 1929), pp. 6–7; E. Anisimov, Dyba i knut: politicheskii sysk i russkoe obshchestvo v XVIII veke (Moscow, 1999), pp. 654–5; Andrew A. Gentes, Exile to Siberia, 1590–1822 (Basingstoke, 2008), pp. 101, 108, 125.
2. RGIA, f. 1264, op. 1, d. 53 (1829), ll. 161 ob–4; RGIA, f. 468, op. 20, d. 668 (1829), ll. 36, 70; S. V. Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, 3rd edn (St Petersburg, 1900), pp. 52–3; Grigorii Spasskii, ‘Vzgliad na Dauriiu i v osobennosti na Nerchinskie gornye zavody v 1820’, Sibirskii vestnik, vol. 9 (1823), p. 107.
3. Mariia Volkonskaia, Zapiski Marii Volkonskoi (St Petersburg, 1904), p. 44.
4. ‘Novye svedeniia o prebyvanii vos’mi dekabristov v Nerchinskikh zavodakh v 1826–1827 godakh’, Istoricheskii vestnik, vol. 45, no. 7 (1891), p. 223; Glynn R. V. Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile: The Decembrist Memoirs (Montreal, 1974), p. 229; P. Trunev, ‘Dekabristy v nerchinskikh rudnikakh’, Istoricheskii vestnik, vol. 97, no. 8 (1897), pp. 492–4; Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 144.
5. B. L. Mozdalevskii, ‘Dekabrist S. G. Volkonskii v katorzhnoi rabote v Blagodatskom rudnike’, in Iu. G. Oskman (ed.), Bunt Dekabristov (Leningrad, 1926), p. 346.
6. M. V. Golovinskii, ‘Dekabrist kniaz’ E. P. Obolenskii’, Istoricheskii vestnik, 1890, no. 8, pp. 120–21; Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile, p. 232.
7. GAIO, f. 24, op. 3, k. 49, d. 297 (1826), l. 33; GARF, f. 109, op. 1, 1 eksp., d. 61, ch. 1 (1826), l. 36.
8. Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile, pp. 230–31; ‘Novye svedeniia o prebyvanii vos’mi dekabristov’, p. 227.
9. F. G. Safronov, ‘Ssylka v Vostochnuiu Sibir’ v pervoi polovine XVIII v.’, in L. M. Goriushkin (ed.), Ssylka i katorga v Sibiri (XVIII – nachalo XX v.) (Novosibirsk, 1975), pp. 30–32.
10. Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 46.
11. Ibid., pp. 48, 72.
12. M. O. Gershenzon (ed.), ‘Pis’ma in M. N. Volkonskoi iz Sibiri 1827–1831’, Russkie propilei (Moscow, 1915), p. 42.
13. Volkonskaia, Zapiski, p. 144.
14. Trunev, ‘Dekabristy v Nerchinskikh rudnikakh’, pp. 492–4.
15. Volkonskaia, Zapiski, pp. 50–52, 144; ‘Novye svedeniia o prebyvanii’, p. 223; Barratt (ed.), Voices in Exile, p. 231; Golovinskii, ‘Dekabrist kniaz’ E. P. Obolenskii’, p. 121; S. F. Koval’ (ed.), K Rossii liubov’iu goria: Dekabristy v Vostochnom Zabaikal’e (Irkutsk, 1976), p. 17.
16. RGIA, f. 468, op. 20, d. 668 (1829), l. 27; John Dundas Cochrane, Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary from the Frontiers of China to the Frozen Sea and Kamchatka; Performed during the Years 1820, 1821, 1822, and 1823, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1829), vol. 2, p. 111.
17. Spasskii, ‘Vzgliad na Dauriiu’, pp. 81–2; Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, p. 54.
18. RGIA, f. 468, op. 20, d. 669 (1829), ll. 40–43; Maksimov, Sibir’ i katorga, pp. 56–7.
19. RGIA, f. 1149, op. 2, d. 99 (1838), ll. 3–6.
20. Maksimov,Sibir’ i katorga, p. 49; L. Mel’shin [P. F. Iakubovich], V mire otverzhennykh: zapiski byvshego katorzhnika (St Petersburg, 1896), pp. 79–80.
