CO – 733 429

  CO – 733 430

  CO – 733 439

  CO – 733 445

  CO – 733 455

  CO – 733 457

  CO – 733 461

  Cabinet Office Records 1945–7

  COR–2427

  COR–24279

  COR–24282

  COR – 733 457

  War Office Records 1940–47

  WO – 32 10260

  WO – 169 1945

  WO – 169 19744

  WO – 169 22956

  Selection of News Reports 1945–61

  ‘An Old Ship’s Big Moment’, Washington Post, 17 July 1967

  ‘Baltimore Ship Reported off Palestine with Refugees’, Baltimore Sun, 18 July 1947

  ‘Ban Hits Refugee Ship’, New York Times, 10 August 1947

  ‘Bay Vessel Enters Maritime Hall of Fame: SS President Warfield Inducted at US Merchant Marine Academy’, Cambridge, Maryland, Daily Banner, 4 June 1987

  Bower, Alex, ‘Wonderful Warfield’, Army Transportation Journal, July 1945

  Boylan, W.P., ‘Affidavit – Loss of the Yorktown’, Sea Breezes, May 1946, pp. 299–301

  ‘British Assailed on Refugee Threat’, New York Times, 22 August 1947

  ‘British Bring Ex-Bay Liner into Haifa after Long Fight’, Baltimore Sun, 19 July 1947

  ‘British Fight Terrorists in Jerusalem: Holy Land Disorders Follow Deportation of Warfield’s Passengers’, Baltimore Sun, 21 July 1947

  Brown, Alexander C., ‘Exodus 1947: An Interim Report on the Career of the Steamer President Warfield’, American Neptune, April 1948, pp. 127–31

  Burgess, Robert H., ‘Fightin’ Steamboats’, Shipyard Bulletin, Newport News, May 1946

  ‘Chesapeake Boat Now on Seine River Run’, Baltimore Sun, 18 June 1945

  ‘Convoy Maniac’, Log Line, Winter 1948 (Vol. 3, No. 4), pp. 22–4

  ‘Day by Day’ (article on the Chesapeake Bay), Baltimore News-Post, 25 May 1940

  ‘Exodus Head Calls Battle a Mistake’, New York Times, 11 September 1947

  ‘Exodus Is Home Again’, Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 18 November 1947

  ‘Exodus Refugees Get an Ultimatum’, New York Times, 22 August 1947

  ‘Exodus Zionists May Face Charge’, New York Times, 30 August 1947

  ‘Ferry to Palestine – Twentieth Century Exodus’, Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 17 April 1960

  ‘Former Favorite Bay Steamers Battled Nazi Wolf Packs in World War II’, Daily Press, Newport News, 25 September 1960

  ‘French Bar Using Force on Refugees’, New York Times, 31 July 1947

  Hardy, A.C., ‘More Reminiscences of the Honeymoon Fleet’, Sea Breezes, December 1946, pp. 402–5

  Hess, Jean B., ‘Last of Their Kind’, Sea Breezes, July 1961

  Hulen, Bertram D., ‘Futile US Appeal on Exodus Bared’, New York Times, 11 August 1947

  ‘It Began in Baltimore Twenty Years Ago’, Baltimore News-American, 15 January 1967

  Item on the wartime history of President Warfield, ‘Steamboat Bill of Facts’, Journal of the Steamboat Historical Society of America, No. 17, Flushing, New York, August 1945

  ‘Last Convoy Ships Back from Europe: Sailors Swarm Ashore at Norfolk after Seeing Service in Invasion of France’, New York Times, 26 July 1945

  ‘Model to Honor “Exodus” Ship’, Baltimore Sun, 13 July 1967

  ‘Ocean Odyssey: “Skimming Dishes” Atlantic Battle with U-boat Pack’, Shipping World, 13 June 1945, pp. 663–5

  ‘Odyssey of Frustration Began Five Years Ago with Ship Leaving Here’, Daily Press, Newport News, 24 February 1952

  ‘Old Bay Line Gets Up Steam’, Baltimore Evening Sun, 19 February 1940

  ‘On the “Exodus 1947”’, Jewish Frontier, May 1957, and ‘The Return Voyage’, June 1957

  ‘Palestine-Bound Mystery Ship’, New York Times, 6 March 1947

  ‘Refugees Being Returned to France’, New York Times, 21 July 1947

  Ritzer, Stanley (as told to Peter Michelmore), ‘I Ran the Blockade to Palestine: The True Story of the Exodus’, Argosy, February 1960, Vol. 350, No. 2, pp. 19–21 and 78–80

  ‘Terrorist Tension Reaches New High as Refugees Sent to France’, New York Times, 22 July 1947

  ‘The Three Lives of the Old Bay Line’s President Warfield: Bay Boat, Warship, Then the Famous Exodus – But the End Has Come’, Baltimore Sun, 9 February 1964

  ‘They called it the “Honeymoon Fleet” Convoy’, Sea Breezes, May 1946

  Timewell, H.C., ‘Exodus 1947 Takes on Her Cargo’, American Neptune, Vol. 9, No. 4, October 1949, pp. 300–301

  Untitled article on S. Davies Warfield, Baltimore News-Post, 1 March 1941

  ‘USS Warfield Back Home from War’, Baltimore Sun, 26 July 1945

  ‘Violence Threatens Development of Palestine’, New York Times, 3 August 1947

  ‘Warfield Repairs Almost Done’, Baltimore Evening Sun, 21 March 1947

  ‘Warfield Seen under Scrutiny: Ex-Bay Liner Said to Carry Jews in Mediterranean’, Baltimore Sun, 14 July 1947

  ‘Whistle’s History Loud and Clear’, Hagerstown, Maryland, Herald Mail, 22 May 1994

  ‘Willie Harris, Bay Boat Waiter to Notables, Dies. A Son of Bay Line Veteran, His Rolling-R Dinner Call Became Famous’, Baltimore Evening Sun, 15 September 1942

  ‘Zionist Abduction of Jews Alleged’, New York Times, 6 September 1947

  ‘Zionists Denounce Seizure of Vessel’, New York Times, 25 July 1947

  Select Bibliography

  Antonius, George, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1938; New York, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1946)

  Attlee, Clement Richard, As It Happened (London, William Heinemann, 1954)

  Avriel, Ehud, Open the Gates: A Personal Story of ‘Illegal’ Immigration to Israel (New York, Atheneum, 1975)

  Barbour, Nevill, Nisi Dominus: A Survey of the Palestine Controversy (London, Harrap, 1946)

  Bauer, Yehuda, From Diplomacy to Resistance: A History of Jewish Palestine 1939-45 (Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1970)

  Begin, Menachem, The Revolt: Story of the Irgun (New York, Henry Schumann, 1951)

  Bell, J. Bowyer, Terror Out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI and the Palestine Underground, 1929-1949 (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1977)

  Ben-Gurion, David, Rebirth and Destiny of Israel (New York, Philosophical Library, 1954)

  Bentwich, Norman and Helen, Mandate Memories 1917–1948 (London, Hogarth Press, 1965; New York, Schocken Books, 1965)

  Birkenhead, F.W.F.S., 2nd Earl of, Halifax: The Life of Lord Halifax (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1965)

  Blum, John Morton, From the Morgenthau Diaries (Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1959)

  Churchill, Winston, The Second World War, 6 vols (London, Cassell, 1948–53)

  Cohen, Gavriel, Churchill and Palestine 1939–1942 (Jerusalem, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Publications, 1976)

  Cohen, Geula, Woman of Violence: Memoirs of a Young Terrorist 1943–1948 (London, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1966)

  Cohen, Michael J., Palestine: Retreat from the Mandate (London, Elek, 1978)

  Crossman, Richard, Palestine Mission: A Personal Record (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1947; New York, Harper & Brothers, 1947)

  Crum, Bartley C., Behind the Silken Curtain: A Personal Account of Anglo-American Diplomacy in Palestine and the Middle East (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1947)

  Dalton, Hugh, High Tide and After: Memoirs 1945–1960 (London, Frederick Muller, 1962)

  Dekel, Efraim, Shai: The Exploits of Hagana Intelligence (London and New York, Thomas Yoseloff, 1959)

  Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. V: Poland, the Balkans, Latin America, The Smaller Powers, June 1937–Mar 1939 (London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1953)

  Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. VI: The Last Months of Peace March–August 1939 (London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1956)

  Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. XII: The War Years Feb 1–June 22, 1941 (London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1962)

  Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. XIII: The War Years June 23, 1941–Dec 11, 1941 (London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1964)

  Drummond, Ian, Imperial Economic Policy 1917–1939, Studies in Expansion and Protection (London, Allen and Unwin, 1974)

  Foot, Hugh, A Start in Freedom (London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1964)

  Gilbert, Martin, Auschwitz and the Allies (London, Hamlyn paperback edn, 1983)

  Gilbert, Martin, Churchill: A Life (London, Heinemann, 1991)

  Gilbert, Martin, Exile and Return: The Emergence of Jewish Statehood (London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978)

  Gilbert, Martin, Winston Spencer Churchill, Vol. VII: The Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (London, Heinemann, 1986)

  Gilbert, Martin, Winston Spencer Churchill, Vol. VIII: Never Despair, 1945–1965 (London, Heinemann, 1988)

  Gitling, Jan, Conquest of Acre Prison (Tel Aviv, Hadar, 1962)

  Gruber, Ruth, Destination Palestine (New York, Current Books, 1948)

  Gruber, Ruth, Exodus 1947: The Ship That Launched a Nation (New York, Union Square Press, 1999)

  Habas, Bracha, The Gate Breakers (New York, Theodor Herzl Foundation, 1963)

  Halamish, Aviva, The Exodus Affair: Holocaust Survivors and the Struggle for Palestine (London, Valentine Mitchell, 1999)

  Hart, Kitty, Return to Auschwitz (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1981)

  Hirst, David, The Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East (London, Faber and Faber, 1977)

  Hirszowicz, Lukasz, The Third Reich and the Arab East (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966)

  Hochstein, Joseph M., and Greenfield, Murray S., The Jews’ Secret Fleet (New York, Gefen Publishing House, 1999)

  Holly, David C., Exodus 1947 (Annapolis, Maryland, Naval Institute Press, 1995)

  Jefferies, Charles, The Colonial Police (London, Max Parrish, 1952)

  Joseph, Bernard, British Rule in Palestine: A Timely Study by the Military Governor of Jewish Jerusalem (Washington, DC, Public Affairs Press, 1948)

  Joseph, Bernard, The Faithful City: The Siege of Jerusalem, 1948 (London, Hogarth Press, 1962)

  Kaniuk, Yoram, Commander of the Exodus (New York, Grove Press, 1999)

  Lamb, Richard, Churchill’s Cold War: The Politics of Personal Diplomacy (New Haven, Conn., and London, Yale University Press, 2002)

  Liebreich, Fritz, Britain’s Naval and Political Reaction to the Illegal Immigration of Jews to Palestine 1945–48 (London, Routledge, 2005)

  Mardor, Munya M., Haganah (New York, New American Library, 1957)

  Marrus, Michael, The Holocaust in History (London, Penguin Books, 1989)

  Morris, Benny, 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (Lonon and New Haven, Yale University Press, 2008)

  Ponting, Clive, Churchill (London, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994)

  Stewart, Ninian, The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol (London, Frank Cass, 2002)

  Index

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  Admiralty

  communications suite

  Military Branch

  Ahronowitz, Captain Yitzhak ‘Ike’

  aims to drive the ship ashore

  assess crew members’ motivation

  and Daniel Feinstein

  death

  finalising passengers’ embarkation plans

  a founder member of Palyam

  given command of President Warfield

  Haganah message in Ike’s name

  Haganah training

  handling of the ship

  message to the Haganah

  personality

  preparations for clash with Royal Navy

  preparing President Warfield

  relationship with Yossi Harel

  role in Aliyah Bet

  and Schlegel

  surrender issue

  takes the ship off a sandbank

  witnesses the failed salvage attempt

  Ajax, HMS

  Aliyah Bet

  finding boats

  fund-raising sailors

  and Jewish immigration to Palestine

  members caught by Nazis

  ‘our brave blockade–runners’

  in Paris

  recruitment of crews for

  Am Stau camp, Germany

  American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (‘Joint’)

  anti-Semitism

  rise of

  Arab League

  Arabs

  attacks in Palestine

  Zionist policy towards

  Arazi, Yehuda

  back-up plan for Exodus

  and departure of the ship

  Gestapo attempts to capture

  a high-value Haganah spy

  inspects Sète

  Aronoff, Murray

  Ash, Captain William

  Ashcroft, Edward

  Attlee, Clement

  Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp

  Poland

  Avigur, Saul

  Baharlia, Joe

  Bailey, Lieutenant Commander Edward Anthony Savile

  Balfour Declaration (1917)

  Baltimore

  Bar-Gilad, Moshe

  efforts to deal with plight of Austrian Jews

  negotiates with Eichmann

  Barak, Enava

  Barnett, Fanny

  Barwell, Able Seaman Geoffrey

  Bat-Yam beach, Palestine

  Baumstein, Mordechai

  Ben-Gurion, David

  and the attempted bombing on Empire Rival

  attitude to the attack on Exodus

  and Churchill’s ‘betrayal’ of Weizmann

  committed to Zionism

  and completing the Exodus operation

  differences with Weizmann

  and DP camps

  encouraged by Churchill’s pro-Zionism

  first Prime Minister of Palestine

  fundraising in United States

  and Hacohen

  and the Haganah xv–xvi

  on Hitler

  home in Tel Aviv

  joins the battle to save Exodus

  meeting with Weizmann on his return to

  Palestine

  meets Arazi

  on Nazi concentration camps

  office in Jewish Agency Building

  preparations for arrival of the State of Israel

  on rescuing Jewish survivors

  and telegram to all UN member states

  and the transports

  and UNSCOP

  and Weizmann’s offer to mediate over the immigrants

  Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Germany

  Bergman, Miriam

  Bernstein, Bill

  Bernstein, Leo Macey

  Bett, Surgeon Lieutenant D.C.S.

  Bevin, Ernest

  and anti–Semitism

  attacked over deportation of Exodus immigrants to Germany

  and Attlee

  and Bidault

  and Cyprus detention camps

  and the French offer to admit the immigrants

  and Jewish immigration to Palestine xvi–xvii

  and Menzies

  and Soviet Union’s connection to a Jewish state

  wants camps closed down and President Warfield returned to US

  Biber, Rachael [not her real name]

  Bidault, Georges-Augustin

  Bishop, Major-General W.H.A.

  Blumel, André

  Boyd, David

  Boyer, Lieutenant George

  Braun, Untersturmbannführer Werner von

  Brewster Dry Dock, New York

  Brierly, David

  Britain

  declares war on Germany

  immigration policies

  treatment of immigrants

  British Army

  Haganah spies

  and Irgun gang

  in Jerusalem

  Palestinian Jews

  and responsibility for Exodus

  Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York

  Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany

  Buna Monowitz sub-camp, Auschwitz

  Caesarea, Palestine

  Camp Kayol, France

  Cardigan Bay, HMS

  Cardozo, Major Philip

  Central Bureau for Jewish Emigration, Austria

  Chamberlain, Neville

  Charity, HMS

  Chequers, HMS

  Chesapeake Bay

  Cheviot, HMS

  Chieftain, HMS

  Childers, HMS

  Churchill, Sir Winston

  on the Balfour Declaration

  discussions with Weizmann and Menzies

  limits legal Jewish immigration to Palestine (1923)

  and plan for creation of a Jewish National Home

  as Prime Minister

  and Roosevelt

  support for Zionism

  Cohen, Eliyahu

  Cohen, Itzhak

  Cohen, Jacob

 

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