The gmo deception, p.45
The GMO Deception, page 45
Bt Registrants’ Task Force, 176
Buctril, 244
Bull, cloned, 311
Bureau of Veterinary Drugs (BVD-Canada), 314
Burroughs, Richard, 326
Burroughs-Welcome, 124
Burstein, Rachel, 271
Cabbage, GM, 87, 107
Cabot Co-op Creamery Co., 125
Caen University, 25
Calgene, 244
California
illegal environmental releases in, 201
labeling GE foods in, 69–70
legislation opposing GM crops and food and, 166
Proposition 37, 155
regulation of GM fish and salmon farms in, 167
California Biotechnology, 124
Cambridge Experimentation Review Board, 207
Canada
bovine growth hormone (BGH) banned in, 313–314
Cartagena Protocol, 182
as Codex Alimentarius member, 180
Enviropig approval in, 322
Schmeiser case in, 169–174
Canadian Senate Agricultural Commission, 314
Cancer, xv–xvi, 43–44, 245, 313. See also Tumors
Canola, xxv, 70, 110, 258–259
FDA consultation for, xxvii
glyphosate-resistant, 244
as one of four main GE crops, 40, 86, 216
Cargill, 127
Carlson, Brian, 267
Carman, Judy, 96, 100
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 32, 177–179, 182, 232, 254
Caruso, Denise, 357
Cassava crop, 212
Cattle, cloned, 310
Cattle, human growth hormones in. See Bovine growth hormone (BGH)
Cauliflower, 87, 107
Cayford, Jerry, xv
Cayman Islands, 253, 254, 255
CCFL (Codex Committee on Food Labeling), 53, 54
Cell culture, 46
Center for Food Safety (CFS), 350
Campaign on Genetically Engineered Fish, 167
on cloned bull, 311
GE alfalfa and, 29, 33, 145
labeling and, 56, 70, 156, 348
lawsuit against EPA and, 175
leading campaign against GMO fish, 349
patent infringements documented by, 113
True Food Shopper’s Guide, 347
Center for Improvement of Maize and Wheat, 14
Center for Veterinary Medicine, 335
Central Luzon, Philippines, 282, 283
Chakrabarty decision (1980), 171–172
Chambliss, Saxby, 31
Chapela, Ignacio, 221, 225, 226, 228, 229
Chapin, John, 297
Chemical revolution, lessons for biotechnology from, 196–198
Chickens, 295, 316
China, 110
Bt technology and, 87
chemical insecticide use in, 112, 214
cloned meat products from, 312
crop yields in, 283
GE cow from, 316
hunger in, 280
labeling in, 56, 348
super pests in, 44
Ching, Lim Li, 230, 253
Chippewa Tribe, 269, 270
Cholera toxin, 36
Ciba-Geigy, 272
Climate change, 230–233, 345–346
Cloning, animal, 293, 330
livestock, 310–312
opposition to, 338
Cloning, plant, xviiii–xx
Coble, Harold, 273–274
Coconut moth, 248–249
Coconut oil, 138
Codex Alimentarius Commission, 53–55, 179–180, 180–181, 348
Codex Committee on Food Labeling (CCFL), 53, 54
Cohen & Boyer, xi
Collins, Joseph, 277
Colvin, Daniel, 274
Commercialized GM crops
Bt brinjal, 99
Bt cotton, 95
Pusztai interview on, 20, 21, 22
two traits of, 110–111
Commercial speech, labeling and, 64
Commoner, Barry, 223
Community Alliance for Global Justice, 29
Companc, Gregorio Perez, 311
Conflicts of interest, university research funding and, 272–274
Conservation International, 92–93
Conservation tillage, 211, 218
Consumer activism
BGH boycotts, 327–328
in Brazil, 77
discussing scientific evidence, 77
in Europe, 184–185
history of, 74–75
for labeling, in California, 69–70
labeling of GMO foods, 56–59
main concerns, 75–76
taking action on GM foods, 347–349
Consumer awareness. See also Labeling
advertising and, 23
British skepticism, 23–24
in Europe, 183–185
in Europe vs. U.S., 20
Consumer opinion
on animal biotechnology, 336–337
on bovine growth hormone (BGH), 304–305, 309, 326–327
on labeling GM foods, 61–62, 73
Consumers
evidence of GMO products as harmful to, 341–342
right to know, labeling and, 63–64, 65, 71–73
unintentional contamination and, 33
Consumers International, 54, 63
Consumers Union, 327, 350
Contamination. See also Cross-pollination contamination
alfalfa crop, 29, 30, 31, 32–33
legislation on, 164
liability for, 167–168
Monsanto v. Schmeiser case and, 172–173
with pharmaceutical plants, 36, 38
Cooperriders, Allen, 166
Cooperriders, Els, 166
Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology, xxvi, 198, 315
Corn, xxv
for African famine, 101
authorized for imports, food and feed use, 187
Bt (Bacillus thuriengensis) and, xiv, xxvi, 20, 58, 87, 103–104, 107, 110–111, 212
crop yields, 282
decline in production, 230
field tests, 11–12
genetically engineered, 5, 136
glyphosate-resistant, 244
grown in EU, 187
health risks of GE, 341
monoculture and, 218–219
NK603, 41–43
as one of four main GE crops, 40, 86, 216
productivity gains in, 211
Roundup Ready, 216–217
Séralini study on health risks with, 41–43
studies on GM, 7
uses, 216
Cornell University, 86, 175, 273, 326
Corn Refiners Association, 157
Corn rootworm, 218–219
Corporate science, xi, xvi
Corporations. See Biotechnology industry
Cotton
authorized for imports, food and feed use, 187
Bt (Bacillus thuriengensis) and, xxvi, 87, 88, 95, 106–107, 110–111, 274
FDA consultations for, xxvii
genetically modified (GM), 44, 110, 136
glyphosate-resistant, 244
as one of four main GE crops, 40, 86, 216
Roundup Ready, 216–217
Cottonseed, GM, 76
Cottonseed industry, in India, 76–77
Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG), xi, xxviii, 175, 350–351
Safe Seed Program, 349
Cows, genetically engineered, 316, 323
Cows, injected with bovine growth hormone (BGH). See Bovine growth hormone (BGH)
Cramer, Carole, 38
Croatia, 182
Crop breeding, 212, 236
CropTech, 37, 38
Crop yields, 112, 130
in Africa, 230, 233
climate change and, 230
fertilizer use and, 282
GMOs contributing minimally to, 211–212
organic crops, 233
rice, 230, 280, 281, 283
soybeans, 282
Cross breeding, xix, xviiii, 136
Cross-pollination contamination, xv, 12, 35, 102, 133, 222, 224
Crouch, Martha L., 121
Cry protein, 96
Cuba, 284–285
Cummings, Claire, 357
Cyagra, 311
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile wild rice, 269
Czech Republic, 187
Dairy cows, bovine growth hormone (BGH) for, 124–128, 235. See also Bovine growth hormone (BGH)
DeFazio, Peter, 156
DeGraaf, Natalie, 129
Delta seed company, 113
Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 138
Deregulation, of GE alfalfa, 29–31
DeSalle, Rob, 299
Deschampe, Norman, 269–270
De Schutter, Oliver, 47
“Deserting the Hungry?”, 110
De Shutter, Olivier, 92
Developing world. See also World hunger
GM crops as ineffective for addressing food security in, 129, 130–132
GMOs in, 81–115
political agendas and, 132–134
Diamond Shamrock, 124
Dicamba herbicides, 218
Dicamba-resistant soybeans, 155, 212
Direct risks, with pharmacrops, 10
DNA
in genetic engineering process, xxiii, xxxiv–xxxv
genetic engineering process and, 257
transferred to wild populations, 193
transgenic, xxv, 221–229
DNAid, 300
Dogs, 297–298
Dolly the Sheep, xx, 293, 310, 330
“Dolphin-safe” label, 51, 62
Dow Chemical Company, 35, 114, 155, 217, 272
Dowd, Maureen, 31
Doyle, Jack, 124
Draft Environmental Assessment (EA), 157
Drought-tolerance, 110, 212, 231–232, 233
Drugs, being produced in plants. See Pharmaceuticals, GE plants for
Duons, xxxvi
DuPont, xvii, 112, 131, 217, 277, 286
Dutch elm disease, 238
“Earmouse” in “The Farm,” 301
Earthjustice, 156
Earth Open Source, 39, 351
East Africa, 115, 233
Eating Animals (Foer), 295
Eco-agriculture. See Agroecological farming techniques
Ecological perspective of GMOs, 260–261
Ecological risks. See Environmental issues
Ecology, transgenesis and, 221–229
Economic issues
bovine growth hormone (BGH) and, 306–307
effectiveness of GM seeds and, 130–131
GM crops in India and, 88–89
herbicide-resistant plants and, 240
mixed blessings of bovine growth hormone and, 235–236
nutritional/flavor aspects vs., 7
Ecuador, 105
Eggplant, Bt, 87, 95–100, 107
Elanco, 304
Eli Lilly, 304, 325
Eli Lilly-Elanco team, 325
Ellstrand, Norman, 222
Emberx Inc., 126
Embrapa, 77
Embryo engineering, 126
Empire State Grange of New York, 125
Endangered Species Act (ESA), 175
Engineering the Farm: The Social and Ethical Aspects of Agricultural Biotechnology, 356
Enlist GE corn, 155
Enola bean, 67
Environmental Biosafety Committees, 199
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), on GE alfalfa, 29–30, 31, 32
Environmental issues, 193, 342–343
biological control and, 248–252
bovine growth hormone (BGH) and, 307–308
as concern of GMO activists, 75
debate between ecologists and molecular biologists on, 195–196
examples of hazards related to GMOs, 43–44
GE organisms affecting other organisms in the environment, 236–238
GE salmon and, 315, 317, 337
GM seeds and, 130
herbicide-resistant crops and, 239, 240
with plant-based pharmaceuticals, 35–36
scientific evidence documenting, 41
Environmental justice movement, Latina/o farmers and, 67, 68
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), xxvi, 197, 238
bromoxynil and, 244
Bt crops and, 175, 176
caving into pressure from seed companies, 272
giving increased authority to, 204, 205, 241
herbicide approval and, 245
products regulated by, 198
regulation by, 159–162
responsibility/role of, xxvi, 198, 240–241, 272
Toxic Substances Act (TSCA) and, 199, 205
“triage” system used by, 199
USDA and, 157
Environmental release
accidental and unsanctioned, 201–203
current system for regulating, 198–200
inadequacy of current regulation on, 198–200
proposals for regulation of, 204–209
role of scientific expertise and, 200–201
socio-economic impact, 203–204
of transgenic DNA, 221–229
Enviropig, 293, 316, 321, 322, 331, 336
EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
EPIcyte, 37
Ethical issues, 265
animal biotechnology, 295–298, 332–334
biopiracy of wild rice, 267–270
funding for university research, 271–274
Eucalyptus, 34
Europe. See also European Union (EU)
attitude toward GE foods in, 143–144
citizen involvement to stop GMOs in, 184–185
consumer awareness of GM foods in, 20
The Future of Food film in, 143
GMO activists’ concerns in, 75
GMO history in, 183, 190
government position on GMOs in, 185–186
pharmacrops in, 12, 14
pro-GMO recent developments in, 189
yield gains in, 212
European Commission, xxv, 311–312
Health and Consumer Protection Directorate, 104
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 186
European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility, 351
European Union (EU), 12
on approving animal cloning for food, 311–312
GMO legislation, 186–187
labeling and, 348
pharmacrops and, 12, 14
policy on importing GE foods, 102
regulation on labeling, 188–189
Experiments on Plant Hybridization (Mendel), xviiii
Exports, 67, 102, 103, 182, 216
Extra!, xiii
Fagan, John, xxxi, 39, 341
Failure to Yield report (Union of Concerned Scientists), 92
Family farmers. See also Small farmers
dairy, 326
herbicide-resistant crops and, 111, 219
Latina/o, 66–68
replaced by factory farms, 143
Famines, 101–105, 279
“The Farm” (Rockman), 299–302
Farm animals, biotechnology projects with, 124–128
Farmer Protection Act, 166
Farmers. See also Family farmers
biotech industry’s control over, xvii–xviii
decrease in profit margins for, 282
early agriculture, xviiii
economic distress after using GM seeds, 130–131
GM seeds accepted by, xiv
growing GM crops, statistics on, 40
Latina/o, 66–68
on livestock biotechnology, 125
opposition to biotech policy (2012), 155
organic, influence on regulation, 164, 165
participating in dairy herd termination program, 306–307
prohibited from planting seeds of GM crops, 121
seed patents and, 112–113
suicide by Indian, 83–84, 88, 107, 112
unregistered seeds in India and, 108
Farmers-Right-to-Know Seed Labeling Bill, 166
Farming
agro-ecological.See Agroecological farming techniques
alternative approach to, alleviating world hunger, 284–285
financial problems in, 235–236
monoculture systems, 211, 213–214, 218–219
petro-dependent, 281
subsidies, 145, 218, 288–289
superfarms, 282
traditional practices, vs. GM crops, 131–132
without farmers, in South America, 219
world hunger influenced by, 280–283
Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (Schlosser), 357
Faucheurs Volontaires, 185
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), xxvi, 175, 196, 199
Field tests
conflict of interests and, 272
consumer activism to stop, 348
dangers of, 202, 209
ecological recommendations on, 241–242, 252
federal oversight on, 160
of glyphosate-resistant plants, 244
of ice minus, 203
in India, 97, 99
pharmacrops, 8, 11–12
Field trials. See Field tests
Fish, genetically engineered, 167, 315–317. See also Salmon; Salmon, genetically modified
Flavr Savr tomato, 7, 300–301
Florida, 254
Florida Keys, 253
Fodo & Water Watch, 352
Foer, Jonathan Safran, 295
Food aid, to Africa, 100–105
Food allergies, 41, 59, 344
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 44–45, 53, 179, 351–352
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 25, 26
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), xxvi
BGH approval and, 273, 304
bovine growth hormone and, 235, 308, 326, 327
GE animals and, 335
GE salmon and, 315–316, 317, 331
labeling and, 56–59, 61, 71–72, 156, 348
labeling policy and opinion by, 64
Monsanto and, xiii
oversight of GM safety by, 153
products regulated by, 198
responsibility of, 240, 315
risk assessment approach, xxvi–xxvii
risk assessment on cloned animals for food, 310
role in GMO consumption, xxvi
Food, cloned animals for, 338
Food Democracy Now!, 352
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), 73, 153
Food flavorings, 138
Food, genetically engineered animals for, 315–316, 320–321, 331
Food, Inc.: Mendel to Monsanto-The Promises and Perils of the Biotech Harvest (Pringle), 357
Food Policy Research Center, 352
Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition, and Health (Nestle), 357
Food prices, increase in, 109
Food safety. See also Safety studies/testing
Codex Alimentarius, 54, 179–180
