The gmo deception, p.47
The GMO Deception, page 47
increased seed prices and, 114
India banning Bt use and, 89
India filing case with, 88
Indian farmers’ stand against, 106–108
labeling GM food products, xviii
Mahyco-Monsanto team, 98, 99, 106, 107
NK603 toxicity studies and, 42–43
pollen drift and, 342–343
providing funding for independent studies, 18
“Pusztai affair” and, 16
Sapphire Energy venture with, 137
Schmeiser case and, 169–174
seed patents and, xii, 112, 113, 119, 121, 132–134
self-destructing seeds and, 131
university research funding and, 272, 273, 274
Monsanto 810, 20
Monsanto/Genetech team, 126
Monsanto vs. Schmeiser, 169–174
Montagu, Van, 183
Montana, 201
Moratoriums, 12
on Bt cotton, 89
in Europe, 20, 184, 185
legislation, 164
Mosquitoes, genetically modified, 253–256
Mosquito Research and Control Unit, 255–256
Mother Jones, 274
Mozambique, 101, 102, 130
Murkowski, Lisa, 317
Mustard, GM, 107
Mutagenesis, xxv, xxvii, xxxv
Mutations, xix, xxxiv–xxxv
Myanmar, 283
Myths, debunking, 39–46
Nader, Ralph, xi–xviii
National Cotton Council, 176
National Dairy Board, 304–305, 328
National Dairy Promotion and Research Board, 328
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 30, 160, 175
National Family Farm Coalition, 156, 327
National Grange, 125
National Institutes of Health (NIH), xiii, 160, 161, 198, 202, 241, 334
National Milk Producers Federations, 125
National Organic Program, 312
National Organic Program Standards, 347
National Organics Coalition, 32
National Organic Standard Board, 312
National Organic Standards, 33
National Research Council, 284
Native Plant Institute, 148
Nature, 5, 109–110
Nebraska, 12, 201
Neem tree, 147
Neonicotinoid insecticides, 214
Nestle, Marion, 357
Netherlands, the, 143
New Animal Drug (NAD) process, 316
New Atlantis, xx–xxi
Newman, Stuart, 5
The New York Times, xii, 31, 103, 328
New Zealand, 143, 323
Nicaragua, 105
Nitrogen fertilizer runoff, 219
Nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE) trait, 212
NK603 corn, 41–43
No GE Ingredients label, 64
Non-GMO Project, 354
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 54, 184–185
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, Guidelines for Action on Transgenic Salmon, 166–167
North Carolina State University, 273–274
North Dakota, 164, 165
North Dakota Wheat Commission, 164
Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Alliance, 164
North Korea, 283
Northrup King, 272
Norway, 54
Novartis, 62, 189, 277, 286
Oakland Institute, 354
Oberdorfer, Louis, 176
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 162, 198, 241
O’Neil, Colin, 155
Open-air field trials, 348
Oregon, 167
The Organic and Non-GMO Report, 355
Organic Consumers Association, 69, 354
Organic crops
alfalfa, 31–32
buzzer zones between GMOs and, 30
crop yields, 233
pollen drift and, 342–343
Organic farming/practices
among Latina/o farmers, 67–68
regulation and, 164
in Vermont, 165
Organic food movement, xxviii
Organic foods, 347
GE contamination and, 32–33
Organic label, xxviiii, 62
Organismic perspective of GMOs, 260–261
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 93, 288
Organizations, 349–356
Ortiz-Garcia, S., 226, 227, 228, 229
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 162
Oxitec, 253, 255–256
Pakistan, 283, 289
Papaya, 107, 110
Paradigm of context, 262
Paraguay, 110, 216, 219
Patented seeds, xii
Africa and, 133
corporate control, 112–113, 119, 121–123
free inquiry vs., 121–123
Mexico and, 67
patent laws favoring biotech corporations and, 133
Patents
Roundup Ready canola, 169–170
Schmeiser case and, 169–174
university research funding and, 272
on wild rice, 268
Patnaik, Prabhat, 83
Patnaik, Utsa, 84
Pedigree, cloning status listed in, 311
Peña, Devon, 66
Pennsylvania State University, 126
Perdue, 127
Pesticide resistance, 239. See also Glyphosate-resistant weeds; Herbicide-resistant crops; Herbicide tolerance
Pesticides. See also Bt (Bacillus thuriengensis); Herbicides
agency responsible for regulating, 198
EPA role and, xxvi, 198
harmful side effects of, 203, 211, 245
increased use of, 111–112, 281–282, 342
“Pesticide treadmill,” 239–240
Petro-dependent farming, 281
Pew Initiative on Biotechnology, 163
Pfizer, 127
Pharmaceuticals, GE animals for, 310, 315, 316, 320, 323–324
Pharmaceuticals, GE plants for, 8–15
contamination and, 36, 38
drugs being produced, 8–9
environmental problems with, 35–36
field trials for, 8, 11–12
policy toward, 12, 14–15
possible advantages of, 9
public health risks, 36
regulatory challenges with, 9
risks and safety issues with, 9, 10–12, 13
Pharmaceuticals, GE salmon for, 315–316
Pharmacologically modified plants (PMPs), 14
Pharmacrops. See Pharmaceuticals, GE plants for
Pharming, animal. See Pharmaceuticals, GE animals for
“Philanthrocapitalism,” 92
Philippines, 164, 282, 283
Phillipson, Martin, 169
Pigeon peas, GM, 107
Pigs, 293, 296–297, 301, 320–321, 331, 334. See also Enviropig
Pimentel, David, 234, 248
Pine Land seed company, 113
Pine trees, 34–35
Pioneer Seed Company, 189
Piperonyl butoxide, 26
PIPs (plants with pesticidal properties), xxvi
Plant Breeders Rights Act (Canada), 173
Plant genome, problems with pro-GMO understanding of, xxiv–xxv
Plant hybridization (cross breeding), xviiii
Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs), 13
Plant Pest Act, xxvi
Plant Quarantine Act, xxvi
Plasticity of organisms, 259
Pleiotropy, xxv
PODNERS, 67
POE-15, 26–28
Policy. See also Regulation
by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 159–162
on GE plants for pharmaceuticals, 12, 14–15
on labeling, 56–59
review of 2012, 155–158
Policy riders, 2012, 156–157
Political agendas, GM seeds in developing countries and, 132–134
Pollan, Michael, xii, 357
Pollen drift, xiv, 30–31, 193, 342–343
Pomeroy, Earl, 164
“Popeye pig,” 322
Poplar, 34
Porter, Philip, 127
Portugal, 187
Post, Mark, 332, 334
Potatoes, 16, 18–19, 20, 87, 107, 244
“Potential Health Effects of Foods Derived from Genetically Engineered Plants: What Are the Issues?” (Third World Network), xxvii
Poultry, genetically engineered, 72
Precautionary Principle, 63
Pregnant women, bacillus thuringiensis found in, 58
President & Fellows of Harvard College v. Canada, 169
Pringle, Peter, 357
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 226
Process labels, 62
Procine somatropin (PST), 126
Procter, Larry, 67
ProdiGene, 35, 36
Pseudomonas syringae, 237, 250–251
Public involvement, in regulation, 206–207. See also Consumer activism
Public opinion. See Consumer opinion
Pure Milk Advisory, 327–328
Push-pull system, 115
Pusztai, Árpád, 16–24
Qayum, Abdul, 88
Quist, D., 225, 226, 228, 229
Rapeseed oil, 187
Rat feeding studies, 16, 25, 27, 42–43
Rats, transgenic, 336, 338
Ready Roundup. See Roundup Ready
Recombinant chymosin, 330
Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC), 160
Recombinant DNA technology, xx–xxvii, 315. See also Genetic engineering (GE)
Recombinant genes, xxxiii
Regan, Tom, 332, 333
Regulation, 153. See also Legislation
agencies for, 198, 240–241
alfalfa crop, 29–33
animal biotechnology, 334–336
of animal cloning for food, 311–312
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 32, 177–179, 182, 232, 254
challenges, 9
commercial speech, 64
deception regarding, xxvi
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 159–162
on environmental release, proposals for, 204–209
of GM insects, 254–255
illegal environmental releases and, 201
inadequacy of current environmental release, 198–200
in India, 95–96, 99
international, 177–182
labeling and, 73
on labeling in EU, 188–189
oversight in, Séralini study and, 42
pharmacrops, 12
Regulatory assessment, 27–28. See also Risk assessment
Regulatory Flexibility Act, 175
Research. See also Studies
animals used for, 338, 339
conflicts of interest for funding of university, 272–274
on neem tree, 147–148
on wild rice, 268–270
Resistant weeds. See Glyphosate-resistant weeds; Weed resistance
Review Committee on Genetic Modification, 96
Rhone-Poulenc, 244, 272, 273
Rice crop, 7, 34, 115, 265, 278. See also Golden Rice
Bt gene and, 87, 97
crop yields, 230, 280, 281, 283
decline in production, 230
snorkel rice, 46
in South Asia, 230
System of Rice Intensification technique, 115
vitamin A and, 34, 265
wild rice, 267–270
Rice trials, GM, 107–108
Riders, policy (2012), 156–157
Rifkin, Jeremy, 160, 325, 328
Right to Know GMO (organization), 355
Risk assessment, xxiii–xxviii, xxv
chemical industry, 196–197
on cloned animals for food, 310
Codex Alimentarius, 179–180, 182
for environmental release regulation, 207
FDA, xxvi, 310
GM mosquito, 254
outdated, 139
of Roundup-like herbicides, 27–28
Risks. See Environmental issues; Health risks; Safety issues
Roberts, Pat, 31
Robinson, Claire, xxxi, 39
Robl, James, 311
Roborats, 297–298
Rockefeller Foundation, 278
Rockman, Alexis, 299–302
Rodale Institute, 233
Rodrigues, Aruna, 95
Roslin Institute, 319, 320, 330
Rosset, Peter, 277
Roundup herbicide, xiv, 25, 26–28, 41–42, 43
Roundup Ready, xxi–xxii
alfalfa crops and, 29
decreasing knowledge/skills for weed management, 219–220
glyphosate not in, 26–28
increasing herbicide use, 216–217
POE-15 in, 26
Schmeiser case and, 169–174
studying crops using, 121–122
used by larger growers, 111
weed resistance with, 111–112
Roundup Ready Canola, 169–171, 173
Rowett Institute, 16
Safe Food: The Politics of Food Safety (Nestle), 357
Safe Seed Program, 349
Safety assessment, 42
Safety issues, 3. See also Food safety; Health risks
with biorector crops, 35–36
GE salmon, 58–59
glyphosate-based herbicides, 26–28
of GMOs, studies on, 5–7
myth on, 41
of pharmacrops, 9–15
with pharmacrops, 9–15
Pusztai, Árpád interview on, 16–24
Safety studies/testing. See also Field tests; Risk assessment; Studies
of Bt brinjal, 95–100, 107
of Bt maize, 103
lack of, in India, 97
Sahai, Suman, 83, 86
Sakkhari, Kiran, 88
Salk, Jonas, 272
Salmon
2, 4-D and, 218
regulation of salmon farms, 167
transgenic, 58
Salmon, genetically modified, 34, 320
commercialization of, 323
environmental risks, 293
FDA policy, 157, 315–317, 331
health issues, 58–59
joining campaign to stop, 349
regulatory approval of, 336–337
Salmon labeling, 58–59
Salt-tolerance, 110
Sanders, Tim, 272
Sapphire Energy, 137
Saudi Arabia, 348
Schlosser, Eric, 357
Schmeiser, Percy, 113, 145, 169–174
Schneiderman, Howard, 124
Science, xii, 222, 308
Science, “corporate,” xi, xvi
Scientific American, xiii
Scientific expertise, role in environmental release, 200–201
Scientists
conflicts of interests by university, 272–274
corporate control over research and, 122–123
Scrapie-resistant sheep, 322–323
Seed Bill, 108
Seed companies, alfalfa, 31
Seed invasions, GMO, xiv–xv
Seeds. See also Patented seeds
concerns over genetically modified, 129–135
costs of Bt, 88
Green Revolution myth and, 278–279
increase in cotton, in India, 106
increase in prices, by biotech firms, xiv, 114
labeling, 166
legislation on unregistered, 108
supporting only non-GMO, 349
Seed-saving, xiv, 81, 113, 131, 133
Séralini, Gilles-Eric, 25–28, 41–43, 96
Shapiro, Robert, xviii
Sharma, Devinder, 287
Sheep
Bt cotton and, 89, 106, 293
cloned, xx, 310, 330
clones, 310
transgenic, 320, 321, 322–323
Shiva, Mira, 106, 343
Shiva, Vandana, 147–149
Sigma Chemical Company, 37
Simmons, Emmy, 30, 93–94
Singer, Peter, 295, 332, 333
Singh, Dyal, 283
Sligh, Michael, 32
Slovakia, 187
Small farmers
in Africa, 131, 132, 133
agricultural subsidies and, 288–289
agroecological techniques for, 114–115, 233
Bt technology as adverse to, 88
disadvantaged over larger farmers, 281
GMO technologies’ impact on, 343–344
Latina/o, 66–68
SmithKline-Beckman, 124
SmithKline-Beckman/Amgen team, 126
Smith, Ron H., 274
Snorkel rice, 46
Snowdrop lectin, 16, 19
Socio-economic impact, of environmental release, 203–205
Sorghum crop, 137, 212, 239
South Africa, 30, 94, 133, 182, 212
South America, 37, 110, 219, 280. See also individual country names
South Dakota, 201
Soybeans
authorized for imports, food and feed use, 187
crop yield, 282
dicamba-resistant, 155, 217
in EU, 183
FDA consultations on, xxvii
genetically modified, xxv, 5, 110, 136
glyphosate-resistant, 244
health risks of GE, 341–342
Monsanto-Argentina relationship and, 133–134
as one of four main GE crops, 40, 86, 216
productivity gains in, 211
Roundup Ready, 112, 121–122, 216–217
in South America, 110, 111, 219
studies on GM, 7
uses, 216
Soy lecithin, 187–188
Spain, 185–186, 187
Sperling, John, 311
Spider silk goats, 336
Squash, 67, 110, 271
Sri Lanka, 283
Stabinsky, Doreen, 101
Starlink, 105
Stauber, John, 325
Stauffer Seeds, 35, 36, 37
Stevia, 138
Studies. See also Safety studies/testing
animal, 3, 6, 25–26, 341–342
by biotech companies, 7
by the biotech industry, vs. independent, 3, 122–123
finances for, 18
lack of unbiased, 130
Pusztai, Árpád and, 16–20
seeds for, corporate control and, 121–123
Séralini, 25–28, 41–43
Subsidies, farm, 145, 218, 288–289
Substantial equivalence, principle of, xxvi–xxvii, 54, 139
Sugar beets, xv, 136, 216, 244, 258
Suicides, Indian agrarian distress and, 83–84, 88, 89, 107
Sunwai, Jan, 89
Super-bugs, 193, 271
Superfarms, 282
Super pests, 44
Super-plants, 193
Sustainable agriculture
conservation tillage myth and, 218
genetic engineering’s impact on, 210–214
GMOs do not contribute to, 345
Green Revolution-style farming is not, 283
role of GMOs in, 210–214
Swaziland, 101
