The confederacys last hu.., p.66
The Confederacy's Last Hurrah, page 66
7. Thomas L. Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America, 1861–65 (Bloomington, IN: 1957), 47, 63.
8. Faust, 383–382.
Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers and Speeches (Jackson, MS, 1923), 2:357.
9. Rowland, 2:352–357.
10. Ibid., 343–359.
11. Ibid., 344–347, 355, 358.
12. Ibid., 358.
13. William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman (New York, 1875), 2:226, 227.
14. Ibid., 111, 126.
15. Ibid., 170.
16. Ibid., 178, 179.
17. Ibid., 127.
CHAPTER 2
1. MCCW, 441.
John P. Dyer, The Gallant Hood (Indianapolis, IN, 1950), 23.
2. Dyer, 23.
3. MCCW, 511.
Richard M. McMurry, John Bell Hood and the War for Southern Independence (Lexington, KY, 1982), 33.
4. Faust, 368–369.
Dyer, 26.
5. McMurry, 9.
Dyer, 25.
6. Ibid., 41–44.
John Bell Hood, Advance and Retreat: Personal Experience in the United States and Confederate States Armies (Bloomington, IN, 1959), 12.
7. McMurry, 21, 24, 25.
Dyer, 48ff.
8. McMurry, 26.
9. Ibid., 28, 35.
10. Ibid., 34, 35.
11. Ibid., 46–49.
Dyer, 88–93.
Hood, 26–29.
12. OR 11-2-446.
McMurry, 49.
Dyer, 95.
MCCW, 441.
13. Dyer, 88, 144.
McMurry, 58–59.
Hood, 45, 46.
14. McMurry, 61.
Dyer, 158, 175–178.
15. Ibid., 190–199.
OR 27-2-362.
16. Dyer, 198.
Hood, 60, 61.
McMurry, 75.
17. Dyer, 165, 166.
18. MCCW, 430–431, 442–443.
Virginia G. Meynard, The Venturers—The Hampton, Harrison, and Earle Families of Virginia, South Carolina and Texas (1981), 503.
19. MCCW, 873.
20. Dyer, 167, 178.
MCCW, 442–43.
21. Dyer, 199.
Thomas L. Connelly, Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee, 1862–1865 (Baton Rouge, 1971), 149–151.
MCCW, 516.
22. Ibid. 804.
23. Ibid., pp. 430, 431, 516.
McMurry, 29, 48.
24. Ibid., 77.
Hood, 64, 65.
Mrs. D. Girard [Louise Wigfall] Wright, A Southern Girl in ’61 (New York, 1905), 149.
25. MCCW, 502.
26. Ibid., 516.
27. Ibid., 551, 554.
28. Ibid., 554, 561–562.
29. Ibid., 551–562.
CHAPTER 3
1. Howell Purdue & Elizabeth Purdue, Pat Cleburne: Confederate General (Hillsboro, TX, 1973), 205, 269ff.
2. Ibid., 269ff.
3. Ibid., 270.
4. Ibid., 5, 7, 9, 21, 23.
5. Ibid., 31, 204.
Charles Edward Nash, Biographical Sketches of Gen. Pat Cleburne and Gen. T. C. Hindman (Dayton, OH, 1977), 39.
6. Nash, 39.
Purdue & Purdue, 31, 37, 38, 44, 49, 52.
7. Ibid., 52.
8. Ibid., 67–74.
9. Ibid., 63–79.
10. Ibid., 67, 75.
11. Irving A. Buck, Cleburne and His Command (Wilmington, NC, 1987), 78ff.
OR 10-1-580, 581.
12. OR 10-1-570.
13. OR 16-1-934; OR 20-2-508, 509. Purdue & Purdue, 163–164.
14. Ibid., 163, 164, 438.
15. Ibid., 50–52, 69, 75.
16. Ibid., 137–139, 149.
Nash, 202.
17. Purdue & Purdue, 182, 183, 238, 240ff, 263, 279.
18. Ibid., 188–189.
19. Ibid., 454ff.
20. Ibid., 271–273.
21. Ibid., 269–270.
22. Ibid., 238, 267, 290.
23. Ibid., 285.
24. Clement Easton, Jefferson Davis (New York, 1977), x, xi, 269ff.
25. Ibid., 13ff.
26. Ibid., 161.
Faust, 75.
Connelly, 70ff., 277, 278.
27. Ibid., 278.
Rowland, 2:503.
28. Buck, 360.
29. Rowland, 2:159, 160.
30. Connelly, 313.
31. Ibid., 319.
32. Ibid., 321–322.
CHAPTER 4
1. Ibid., 321.
MCCW, 555.
2. McMurry, 85–88.
MCCW, 565.
3. Ibid., 552, 559, 567.
4. Eaton, 140, 182.
Connelly, 281–283.
McMurry, 88–89.
5. Connelly, 323, 390.
6. Ibid., 413.
OR 30-2-35.
7. Connelly, 322–323.
8. Ibid., 323.
9. MCCW, 551.
10. Connelly, 321.
11. Ibid., 322–323.
John Bell Hood, letters, March 10, April 3, April 13, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS).
12. Hood, letter, April 13, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS), 323–324.
13. Faust, 28–30.
14. Ibid.
15. Civil War Times Illustrated, Special Atlanta Edition, (Harrisburg, PA, 1964), 38.
16. Ibid.
Faust, 28–30.
17. Connelly, 391.
James N. Beatty, diary, 1864, private collection (Seattle, WA), 57.
18. Connelly, 390.
MCCW, 635.
19. Connelly, 371, 387, 388.
MCCW, 635, 636.
20. Connelly, 411–413.
21. Ibid., 411–416.
22. Ibid., 415–419.
OR 38-5-881.
23. Connelly, 416–420.
OR 39-2-712–714.
24. OR 39-2-712–714.
Connelly, 416–420.
25. OR 38-5-885.
CHAPTER 5
1. MCCW, 579, 608, 622.
2. Ibid., 622.
3. Ibid., 635, 636.
4. Ibid., 622.
5. OR 38-5-885, 888.
6. Isham G. Harris, letter, September 16, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS).
OR 38-5-988.
7. John Bell Hood, letter, April 13, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS).
OR 38-5-879, 880.
8. OR 38-5-885–888; OR 39-2-714; OR 52-2-692.
McMurry, 122–123.
Connelly, 418ff.
9. Brown, 107.
James C. Nisbet, Four Years on the Firing Line (Chattanooga, TN, 1914), 305.
10. Sherman, 2:72–75
OR 38-5-183.
11. Oliver O. Howard, letter, July 23, 1864 (Brunswick, ME, Bowdoin College Library).
12. Connelly, 419–423.
OR 38-5-888.
Isham G. Harris, letter, September 16, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS).
13. Connelly, 424, 439ff.
14. Ibid., 446ff.
15. Ibid., 454ff.
16. OR 38-5-940.
17. Connelly, 458ff.
18. Ibid., 459ff.
19. Ibid., 460ff.
20. Sherman, 2:75ff.
21. Ibid.
Connelly, 453–468.
CHAPTER 6
1. MCCW, 646–447.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., 653.
4. Connelly, 468ff.
McMurry, 157.
5. OR 38-5-1016, 1018.
6. OR 38-5-946.
7. OR 38-5-908.
8. MCCW, 646.
Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (New York, 1881), 2:565.
9. Dyer, 274–276.
Connelly, 470ff.
10. MCCW, 646.
11. Nash, 15, 38–39.
Purdue & Purdue, 69.
12. Ibid., 284, 285.
13. Ibid., 285.
14. Ibid., 285, 286, 298.
15. Ibid., 293.
16. Ibid., 294–295.
17. Ibid., 295, 339.
18. Ibid., 293, 339, 340.
19. Ibid., 272.
20. Ibid., 272–273.
21. Ibid., 273.
22. Ibid., 274.
Thomas Robson Hay, Pat Cleburne: Stonewall Jackson of the West (Wilmington, NC. 1987), 52.
23. Purdue & Purdue, 270.
24. Ibid., 387.
CHAPTER 7
1. Connelly, 432–33.
2. Eugene McWayne, letters, June 22, July 17, 1864, private collection, (Birmingham, MI).
3. Gerald F. Linderman, Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War (New York: 1987), 61–62.
4. Claud E. Fuller, The Rifled Musket (Harrisburg, PA, 1958), 3, 4, 53.
Wiley Sword, Firepower From Abroad: The Confederate Enfield and the LeMat Revolver 1861–1863 (Lincoln, RI, 1986), 68.
Dean S. Thomas, Ready, Aim, Fire! Small Arms Ammunition in the Battle of Gettysburg (Biglersville, PA, 1981), 1–5.
5. Linderman, 135–139.
6. Eugene McWayne, letter, August 8, 1864, private collection, (Birmingham, MI). OR 38-5-792.
7. OR 38-5-909.
Connelly, 470.
8. Eugene McWayne, letter August 1, 1864, private collection, (Birmingham, MI).
9. OR 38-5-792.
10. OR 39-2-893.
McMurry, 154, 155.
Rowland, 2:335.
11. Connelly, 470ff.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 243–253.
See also Robert Underwood Johnson & Clarence Clough Buel, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (New York, 1936), 4:336–344.
12. OR 38-5-972, 1021; OR 39-2-832.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 249.
13. OR 38-5-1023, 1024.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 245ff.
14. John B. Hood, letters, March 10, April 3, April 13, 1864, Braxton Bragg Papers (WRHS).
15. MCCW, 519.
Eaton, 2:272–273.
16. Connelly, 476–479.
17. Ibid., 479, 492.
18. Davis, 2:565.
19. Hood, Advance and Retreat, 254, 255.
20. Ibid., 255.
OR 39-2-880.
21. OR 39-2-879.
22. OR 39-2-880.
Rowland, 6:353.
23. Davis, 2:565.
Rowland, 6:353.
OR 39-2-880; OR 39-3-782, 870, 874.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 258.
24. Connelly, 472ff.
MCCW, 652.
25. Connelly, 472ff.
D. W. Adams, letter to Braxton Bragg, September 16, 1864, Braxton Bragg papers (WRHS).
OR 39-3-782.
26. Alfred Roman, The Military Operations of General Beauregard in the War Between the States 1861 to 1865 (New York, 1883), 2:277ff.
27. Connelly, 476ff.
28. Ibid., 481ff.
Roman, 2:281ff.
OR 39-3-795, 812.
29. Roman, 2:290ff.
Connelly, 486ff.
30. OR 39-3-870, 891.
31. OR 39-3-825, 826, 870, 874.
Connelly, 472–476.
32. MCCW, 658.
CHAPTER 8
1. MCCW, 650–652.
Rowland, 6:349–356.
2. MCCW, 650, 651.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 652.
6. Sherman, 2:141, 142.
7. Purdue & Purdue, 382, 387.
8. Ibid., 388.
9. Brown, 140.
10. Ibid., 137, 138.
OR 39–1-806.
11. OR 39-1-802, 806, 807.
12. OR 39-1-802, 816–818.
13. OR 39-1-588.
Brown, 138.
14. OR 39-1-802; OR 39-3-804.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 258, 259.
15. OR 39-1-753, 796, 802, 807; OR 39-3-812.
16. OR 39-1-718–720.
17. OR 39-1-720–723.
18. OR 39-1-802.
Brown, 140, 141.
19. OR 39-1-802; OR 39-3-831.
20. MCCW, 441, 648, 649.
Wright, 161.
21. MCCW, 620–625, 709.
Wright, 183.
22. OR 39-2-413, 464, 532, 540.
23. OR 39-3-3.
24. OR 39-3-202, 222.
25. OR 39-1-581; OR 39-2-502–504, 518, 540.
Sherman, 2:144.
26. OR 39-1-581, 760–782.
Sherman, 2:147.
27. OR 39-1-581ff.
Sherman, 2:151.
28. Sherman, 2:113, 152.
OR 39-2-412.
29. OR 39-3-202ff.
30. OR 39-3-202.
31. OR 39-1-582ff; OR 39-3-202.
32. Sherman, 2:152, 153.
33. OR 39-1-601, 731, 752ff, 791.
Sherman, 2:154.
34. Sherman, 2:154, 157.
OR 39-1-601, 602, 754, 791.
35. OR 39-3-203.
36. OR 39-1-604.
37. Sherman, 2:158, 159.
38. OR 39-2-480; OR 39-3-222.
39. Eugene McWayne, letter, October 23, 1864, private collection, (Birmingham, MI). Andrew McCornack, letter, November 8, 1864, (Birmingham, MI).
40. OR 39-1-588; OR 39-3-467.
41. OR 39-3-406.
CHAPTER 9
1. Roman, 2:286ff.
2. Ibid., 2:288.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 269.
OR 45-1-647.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. OR 39-3-841.
Roman, 2:291.
7. Ibid., 2:293.
OR 39-1-695, 696.
8. OR 45-1-648.
Roman, 2:292.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 259.
9. OR 39-1-696, 697; OR 39-3-613, 858, 865, 866, 870.
10. Roman, 2:292, 295.
Brown, 142.
J. M. Miller, Recollections of a Pine Knot in the Lost Cause (Greenwood, MS, 1900), 29.
11. OR 39-3-613, 746, 858.
Marshall P. Thatcher, A Hundred Battles in the West—St. Louis to Atlanta, 1861–1865—The Second Michigan Cavalry (Detroit, 1884), 350ff.
12. OR 39-3-867, 870.
13. OR 39-1-808, 811; OR 39-3-746.
Roman, 2:296.
14. OR 39-3-874, 890.
15. OR 39-1-799; OR 39-3-879, 880.
Roman, 2:298.
16. OR 39-3-843.
17. OR 39-1-869, 870; OR 39-3-853, 863, 913.
Nathan B. Forrest, letter, November 3, 1864, to J. B. Hood, Schoff Collection (Ann Arbor, MI: William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan).
18. Ibid.
OR 39-1-868, 869.
19. OR 39-1-871; OR 45-1-752.
20. OR 39-1-808; OR 39-3-879, 880, 913;
OR 45-1-752.
Roman, 2:297.
21. OR 39-3-613, 845, 846, 856, 868, 871, 881.
Hood, Advance and Retreat, 271.
Brown, p. 142.
Mary A. H. Gay, Life in Dixie During the War, (Atlanta, 1979), 248.
22. OR 39-1-808; OR 39-3-881, 900, 904;
OR 45-1-669.
23. Edward Whitesides, diary entries, October, November 1864, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection. (USAMHI).
Wayne E. Morris, letter, October 23, 1864 (BHL).
OR 39-3-880.
24. Thatcher, 350.
OR 39-1-808; OR 39-3-904.
25. Hood, Advance and Retreat, 271.
Roman, 2:608.
OR 45-1-1208, 1210, 1215, 1219.
26. Roman, 2:299ff.
27. Ibid., 2:606.
OR 39-3-913.
28. OR 39-3-914.
29. Roman, 2:607.
30. OR 45-1-1209, 1213.
31. OR 39-3-891, 913.
32. OR 39-3-896.
33. OR 39-3-913.
34. OR 39-1-808; OR 39-3-903, 904, 911, 914.
35. OR 45-1-669.
C. T. Quintard, diary entries, November 1864 (DPL).
Edward Whitesides, diary entries, November
1864 (USAMHI).
36. OR 45-1-1211.
Brown, 145.
37. OR 39-3-747.
38. OR 39-3-871; OR 45-1-669.
39. OR 45-1-1210–1216.
40. OR 39-1-803; OR 45-1-649, 650, 1215, 1218–1225.
Roman, 2:303–306.
41. OR 45-1-1210.
42. C. T. Quintard, diary entries, November 1864 (DPL).
OR 45-1-1219, 1221, 1228.
43. OR 45-1-1215, 1227.
44. OR 45-1-1220, 1226.
45. OR 45-1-1215–1220.
46. OR 45-1-1225, 1237, 1251, 1254, 1257.
47. OR 45-1-1220, 1221.
48. OR 45-1-1227.
49. MCCW, 657, 669.
CHAPTER 10
1. Freeman Cleaves, Rock of Chickamauga: The Life of General George H. Thomas (Norman, OK, 1948), 3–5, 44.
2. Ibid., 28, 178, 179.
3. Ibid., 54, 55.
Francis McKinney, Education in Violence: The Life of George H. Thomas (Detroit, 1961), 65.
4. Cleaves, p. 76.
McKinney, p. 93
5. Cleaves, 78.
6. Ibid., 186, 187.
McKinney, 138.
7. Cleaves, 108, 112, 118.
8. Ibid., 185, 187, 191ff.
9. Ibid., 192, 208.
10. Ibid., 220.
OR 38-5-793.
11. OR 38-5-150, 594; OR 39-2-501, 502, 517; OR 39-3-202.
12. OR 39-1-588, 594.
13. OR 39-1-588ff, 858ff.
14. Cleaves, 179, 186.
15. Ibid., 9.
James F. Rusling, Men and Things I Saw in Civil War Days, (Cincinnati, 1899), 80.
McKinney, 300, 301.
16. Cleaves, 20.
McKinney, 304–305.
17. McKinney, 52, 479.
Cleaves, 49.
18. OR 39-3-202, 449, 746; OR 45-1-920, 923, 933.
19. OR 45-1-572.
20. Ezra J. Warner, Generals in Blue (Baton Rouge, LA, 1964), 104.
OR 39-3-435.
21. Thatcher, 193.
OR 45-1-572.
22. OR 45-1-572.
Records of the Chief of Ordnance, 1864, Summary Statements of Ordnance in the Hands of the Troops, Records Group 156, National Archives, Washington, DC.
23. OR 39-3-607.
24. OR 45-1-575, 581.
25. OR 39-3-547; OR 45-1-577, 936, 937.
26. OR 39-3-540–547.
27. OR 39-3-646.
28. OR 45-1-888.
29. OR 45-1-887, 898.
30. OR 45-1-896, 910.
31. OR 45-1-942, 943.
32. Ibid.
33. OR 45-1-945, 954, 956.
34. OR 45-1-955.
35. OR 45-1-955.
36. OR 45-1-970.
37. OR 45-1-970, 983, 989.
38. E. L. Humphreys, letter, November 20, 1864, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, (USAMHI).
E. G. Whitesides, diary, November, 1864, Civil War Times Illustrated Collection (USAMHI).
L. P. Bradley, letters, October 12, November 15, 1864, Bradley Papers (USAMHI).
39. Jacob Cox, diary, November 21, 1864, (Marietta, GA: Kennesaw Mountain National Military Park).
