God guns and sedition, p.37
God, Guns, and Sedition, page 37
5. Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, xiii, 108–9.
6. Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 108–9; “David Tate | Gary Yarbrough’s Blog, “MORE INFIGHTING? WHAT’S WRONG WITH YOU?! Another Scolding by David C. Tate,” December 18, 2019, https://susan1219.wordpress.com/tag/david-tate/; Coates, Armed and Dangerous, 140–41; and Kerry Noble, Tabernacle of Hate (Prescott, Ontario: Voyageur, 1998), 17.
7. “Slaying Suspect Tate Seized in Missouri Hills”; Belew, Bring the War Home, 131; Coates, Armed and Dangerous, 140–41; Danny O. Coulson and Elaine Shannon, No Heroes: Inside the FBI’s Secret Counter-Terror Force (New York: Pocket, 199), 252; Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 109.
8. “Slaying Suspect Tate Seized in Missouri Hills”; Coates, Armed and Dangerous, 141–42; Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 287, 386, 398; Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 109–10; Hines, “Trooper Jimmie E. “Jim” Linegar”; Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 150; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 17.
9. FBI Records: The Vault, Memorandum, from SAC, Little Rick, to Director, FBI Subject: The Covenant, Sword, And Arm of The Lord (CSA), Domestic Security, August 8, 1983; Memorandum, Supervisor [name redacted] to SAC (100A-4858), Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; DS/T, March 29, 1985; Memorandum, from J. W. Hicks to Mr. Geer, Re: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security—Terrorism OO: Little Rock, May 2, 1985; Memorandum, from ASAC Danny O. Coulson to SAC, Washington Field, Subject: Covenant, Sword, And The Arm of The Lord (CSA); Domestic Terrorism, May 8, 1985; Memorandum, from ASAC Danny O. Coulson to SAC, Washington Field, The Covenant, The Sword, The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, May 20, 1985; Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security—Terrorism, July 29, 1985; Part I, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%201%20of%202/view; Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, July 2, 1985; Little Rock Field Office, December 29, 1987; Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum [sender and recipient redacted], Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord (DS/T), January 12, 1988 Part II, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%202%20of%202/view. See also Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 110; Belew, Bring the War Home, 132; Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 252; Morris Dees with James Corcoran, Gathering Storm: America’s Militia Threat (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 24; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 17–18, 165; Oliver “Buck” Revell and Dwight Williams, A G-Man’s Journal: A Legendary Career Inside the FBI—from the Kennedy Assassination to the Oklahoma City Bombing (New York: Pocket, 1998), 218–219; United Press International, “Neo-Nazi David Tate.”
10. FBI Records: The Vault, Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, September 7, 1984; FBI Records: The Vault, Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, May 20, 1985; FBI Records: The Vault, Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, July 2, 1985; and FBI Records: The Vault, Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, December 29, 1987, Part I, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%201%20of%202/view; July 2, 1987, Part II, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%202%20of%202/view. See also Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 312; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 22; Revell and Williams, A G-Man’s Journal, 219; Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 150.
11. FBI Records: The Vault, Memorandum, Supervisor [name redacted] to SAC (100A-4858), Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; DS/T, March 29, 1985.
12. Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 17, 163, 166. See also Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 110–11.
13. Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 257, 264; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 22.
14. Quoted in Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 111. See also Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 22.
15. Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 14–15, 163–65.
16. See CBC (Canada), “The Survivalists; Shopping for Doomsday,” The Fifth Estate (1981), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYHUiL9HI5g.
17. Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 23, 163; Revell and Williams, A G-Man’s Journal, 219; Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 139, 155.
18. FBI Records: The Vault, FBI Laboratory Division, May 1, 1985, attachment The Covenant, The Sword, The Arm Of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, May 20, 1985; FBI Records: The Vault, Memorandum, from ASAC Danny O. Coulson to SAC, Washington Field, Subject: Covenant, Sword, And The Arm of The Lord (CSA); Domestic Terrorism, May 8, 1985; FBI Records: The Vault, Memorandum, From J. W. Hicks to Mr. Geer, Re: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security—Terrorism OO: Little Rock, May 2, 1985, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%201%20of%202/view; ibid., Little Rock Field Office, The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, December 29, 1987;, Part II, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%202%20of%202/view; Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 263–313, 111–14; George Michael, Confronting Right-Wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA (London: Routledge, 2003), 143; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 169; Revell and Williams, A G-Man’s Journal, 219–21.
19. Quoted in Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 311.
20. Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 312; FBI Records: The Vault, Little Rock Field Office, Memorandum, Subject: The Covenant, The Sword, And The Arm of The Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism, July 2, 1987, Part II, https://vault.fbi.gov/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20/The%20Covenant%20The%20Sword%20The%20Arm%20of%20the%20Lord%20Part%202%20of%202/view; “Ellison Trial Begins Monday,” Associated Press, July 14, 1985, https://apnews.com/article/5abfc20488f8935f3757d0545add01ec; Katherine Bishop, “Plot Against U.S. Described In Court,” New York Times, February 28, 1988; Hamm, Terrorism as Crime, 100; Noble, Tabernacle of Hate, 103, 173; Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 139, 150–56. Note that in an interview with Stern, Noble denied that any specific cities had been selected. Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 151.
21. Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 312.
22. Email correspondence with Dr. Seth Carus, an expert on biological and chemical weapons, at the National Defense University, Washington, DC, October 5, 2020; Richard C. Dart, “Hydroxocabalamin for Acute Poisoning: New Data from Preclinical and Clinical Studies; New Results from the Prehospital Emergency Setting,” Clinical Toxicology 44, suppl. 1, nos. 1–3 (2006): 1–3; Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 153–54, 156. All these contradict the assertion in Belew, Bring the War Home, 179.
23. Quoted in Stern, “Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord,” 151.
24. Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 313.
25. Belew, Bring the War Home, 171; James Coates and Stephen Franklin, “ ‘Underground’ of Racist Leaders Coordinated Crimes, FBI Tapes Show,” Washington Post, December 28, 1987; Wayne King, “20 Held in 7 States in Sweep of Nazis Arming for ‘War’ on U.S.,” New York Times, March 3, 1985.
26. Belew, Bring the War Home, 171.
27. Belew, Bring the War Home; James Coates, “U.S. Aims to Break Neo-Nazis,” Chicago Tribune, April 26, 1987.
28. Iver Peterson, “White Supremacists Meet in Quest for Homeland,” New York Times, July 14, 1986, https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/14/us/white-supremacists-meet-in-quest-for-homeland.html.
29. Metzger’s recent obituary described him “one of the most influential leaders of the white supremacist movement.” Concepción de León, “Tom Metzger, Notorious White Supremacist, Dies at 82,” New York Times, November 12, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/us/tom-metzger-dead.html.
30. Withrow left the movement and renounced white supremacism the following year and thereafter spoke out against racism and antisemitism. James Alfred Aho, The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014), 33; Jim Mulvaney, “ ‘Skinheads’ Founder Now ‘Sorry for What I’ve Done,’ ” Chicago Sun-Times, July 27, 1993, https://web.archive.org/web/20140921122235/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4181798.html.
31. Steve Green, “White Supremacists Meet in Idaho,” United Press International, July 12, 1986, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/07/12/White-supremacists-meet-in-Idaho/9315521524800/.
32. Quoted in Peterson, “White Supremacists Meet in Quest for Homeland.”
33. Quoted in Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 388.
34. State v. Dorr, 120 Idaho 441, 816 P.2d 998 (1991), July 1, 1991, 441–45, https://cite.case.law/idaho/120/441/; Coates, Armed and Dangerous, 261; Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 388; Charles W. Hall, “Former Neo-Nazi Had Troubled MD. Past,” Washington Post, February 26, 1987, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/02/26/former-neo-nazi-had-troubled-md-past/5e801fd0-94f9-4dce-8901-0d52ba25c95b/; Edward B. Havens, “One Neo-Nazi Guilty of Murder, Two of Counterfeiting,” United Press International, February 5, 1987, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/02/05/One-neo-Nazi-guilty-of-murder-two-of-counterfeiting/3730539499600/; David A. Neiwert, In God’s Country: The Patriot Movement and the Pacific Northwest (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 2019), 60–61; Eric Scigliano, “He Was Not Following Orders,” Seattle Weekly, October 9, 2006, https://www.seattleweekly.com/news/he-was-not-following-orders/; Brent L. Smith, Terrorism in America: Pipe Bombs and Pipe Dreams (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 77–79; Wallace Turner, “3 in Racist Group Held on Counterfeiting Charges,” New York Times, October 4, 1986, https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/04/us/3-in-racist-group-held-on-counterfeiting-charges.html; Stuart A. Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 93–94; Glen Warchol, “Coeur d’Alene Bombing Suspects Arraigned,” United Press International, October 1, 1987, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/01/Coeur-dAlene-bombing-suspects-arraigned/1813560059200/; Bernie Wilson, “URGENT—3 Linked to Aryan Nations Arrested,” Associated Press, October 3, 1986, https://apnews.com/article/db0830b9459db28bf3fbb815cda29976.
35. State v. Dorr, 442–43; Smith, Terrorism in America, 78–79; Warchol, “Coeur d’Alene Bombing Suspects Arraigned.”
36. Sam Meddis, “Neo-Nazis Weakened, FBI Says,” USA Today, February 18, 1985.
37. “Wanted by FBI: Thomas George Harrelson,” Identification Order 5023, November 8, 1986, https://www.ebay.com/itm/ARYAN-NATION-LEADER-NEO-NAZI-THOMAS-HARRELSON-FBI-WANTED-POSTER-PLS-OFFER-/224135654820 ; “Most Wanted: Thomas George Harrelson—Former Ten Most Wanted Fugitive #407,” https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/topten-history/hires_images/FBI-407-ThomasGeorgeHarrelson.jpg/view; “Thomas Harrelson,” Unsolved Mysteries, https://unsolvedmysteries.fandom.com/wiki/Thomas_Harrelson; “Suspect in Bank Robberies One of FBI’s Most Wanted,” Los Angeles Times, November 30, 1986; “Man Arrested for Bank Robbery on FBI Fugitives List,” Associated Press, February 20, 1987; Coates, “U.S. Aims To Break Neo-Nazis”; Wayne King, “Neo-Nazi Is Focus of Searching by F.B.I.,” New York Times, August 18, 1986; and Gerald Kopplin, “Suspected White Supremacist to Face Bank Robbery Charges,” United Press International, February 24, 1987.
38. David H. Bennett, The Party of Fear: The American Far Right from Nativism to the Militia Movement (New York: Vintage, 1995), 448; “Eight Suspects Have Been Arrested in a White Supremacist Plot,” United Press International, December 16, 1986, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/12/16/Eight-suspects-have-been-arrested-in-a-white-supremacist/5811535093200/; Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 389; Andy Hall, “ Secret War: ‘Patriots’ Have Loose Ties to Rightists Nationwide,” Arizona Republic, December 21, 1986; Thomas J. Knudson, “Right-Wing Group Accused of Bank Robbery Plot,” New York Times, December 17, 1986; Daniel Levitas, The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2002), 289–90; Brent L. Smith, Kelly R. Damphousse, and Paxton Roberts, Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents: The Identification of Behavioral, Geographic, and Temporary Patterns of Preparatory Conduct (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, May 2006), appendix C, “Case Study Narratives: 1.1 Arizona Patriots,” 1; Kenneth S. Stern, A Force Upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 185, 191; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 94–95.
39. “Ty Hardin: Biography,” IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0362249/bio; Levitas, The Terrorist Next Door, 289. See also Bennett, The Party of Fear, 448; “Eight Suspects Have Been Arrested in a White Supremacist Plot”; Smith et al., Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents, 1; Smith, Terrorism in America, 80; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 94.
40. Quoted in “Ty Hardin: Biography.”
41. Hall, “ Secret War: ‘Patriots’ Have Loose Ties to Rightists Nationwide”; Levitas, The Terrorist Next Door, 289; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 92.
42. Wayne F. Manis, The Street Agent: After Taking on the Mob, the Klan, and the Aryan Nations, He Walks Softly and Carries a .357 Magnum—The True Story (Palisades, NY: History Publishing, 2014), 394, 315; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 92.
43. Belew, Bring the War Home, 214; Levitas, The Terrorist Next Door, 289; Smith, Terrorism in America, 80; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 94–95.
44. Belew, Bring the War Home, 171; Flynn and Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood, 389; Hall, “ “Secret War: ‘Patriots’ Have Loose Ties to Rightists Nationwide”; Levitas, The Terrorist Next Door, 289; Neiwert, In God’s Country, 134; Smith, Terrorism in America, 80–81; Wright, Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 94–95.
45. Quoted in Belew, Bring the War Home, 171, 214.
46. Evelyn A. Schlatter, Aryan Cowboys: White Supremacists and the Search for a New Frontier, 1970–2000 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006), 41. See also Hall, “Secret War: ‘Patriots’ Have Loose Ties to Rightists Nationwide.”
47. Smith et al., Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents, 3–4.
48. Stern, A Force Upon the Plain, 191; Klanwatch, False Patriots: The Threat of Antigovernment Extremists (Montgomery, AL: Southern Poverty Law Center, 1996), 21.
49. James Coates and Stephen Franklin, “Court Records Detail Neo-Nazis’ Network,” Chicago Tribune, December 27, 1987. See also Anti-Defamation League, Extremism on the Right: A Handbook (New York: Anti-Defamation League, 1983), 116–17; Belew, Bring the War Home, 171–72; “Covenant (CSA)—the Rock Star,” GlobalSecurity.org, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/csa-1.htm.
50. District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, Fort Smith Division: United States of America v. Robert Edward Miles, Louis Ray Beam, Jr., Richard Girnt Butler, Richard Joseph Scutari, Bruce Carroll Pierce, Andrew Virgil Barnhill, Ardie McBrearty, David Eden Lane, Lambert Miller, Robert Neil Smalley, Ivan Ray Wade, William H. Wade, Richard Wayne Snell, David Michael McGuire: Trial Testimony of Robert E. Miles, 1988, no. 87-20008-01-14; Belew, Bring the War Home, 171–72; Coates and Franklin, “ ‘Underground’ of Racist Leaders Coordinated Crimes”; Bill Morlin, “Former Butler Associate, Klan Leader Remain at Large,” Spokesman-Review Spokane Chronicle, April 25, 1987; Risks International, Weekly Risk Assessment 4, no. 18 (May 1, 1987): 1.
51. “18 U.S.C. § 2384—U.S. Code—Unannotated Title 18. Crimes and Criminal Procedure § 2384. Seditious Conspiracy,” FindLaw, https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-18-crimes-and-criminal-procedure/18-usc-sect-2384.html; Richard Perez-Pena, “The Terror Conspiracy: The Charges; A Gamble Pays Off as the Prosecution Uses an Obscure 19th-Century Law,” New York Times, October 2, 1995.
52. United States of America v. Robert Edward Miles et al.; Stephen E. Atkins, Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism in Modern American History (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 215; Belew, Bring the War Home, 172–73; Bishop, “Conspiracy Trial of 14 White Supremacists Begins”; Coulson and Shannon, No Heroes, 533; “Fort Smith Sedition Trial of 1988,” Encyclopedia of Arkansas, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/fort-smith-sedition-trial-of-1988-13802/; and Morlin, “Former Butler Associate, Klan Leader Remain at Large.”
