Complete works of samuel.., p.194
Complete Works of Samuel Butler, page 194
—— we should have grown a, if drawing corks had been important to us, 7
Creator, a, who is not an organism, unintelligible, 6, 11, 24
Criticising, difficulty of, without knowing more than the mere facts which are to be criticised, 172
Criticism, Miss Seward’s, on Dr. Darwin’s “Elegy,” 189
—— Grant Allen on the decay of, 388
Crux, the, of the early evolutionist, 35
Cuttle-fish, natural selection like the secretion of a, 332
DAMNATION, praising with faint, 111
Darwin, Charles, on the eye, denies design, 8
—— declares variation to be the cause of variation, 8, 347, 369
—— and blind chance working on whither; the accumulation of innumerable lucky accidents, 41, 42
—— our indebtedness to, 62, 66, 335
—— has adopted one half of Isidore Geoffroy’s conclusion without verifying either, 83
—— on Buffon’s fluctuation of opinion, 97
—— on Isidore Geoffroy, 97
—— his assertion that Buffon has not entered on the “causes or means” of transformation, 104
—— his meagre notice of his grandfather, 196
—— his treatment of the author of the “Vestiges of Creation,” 65, 247, 248
—— attributes the characteristics of neuter insects to natural selection, 249
—— his treatment of Lamarck, 249, 250, 251, 298, 314, 376
— — “great is the power of steady misrepresentation,” 251
—— his “happy simplicity” about animals and plants under domestication, 276
—— his notice of Mr. Patrick Matthew in the imperfect historical sketch which he has prefaced to the “Origin of Species,” 315, 316
—— points of agreement between him and Lamarck, 335-337
—— sees no broad principle underlying variation, 339
—— dwells on the accumulation of variations, the origination of which he leaves unaccounted for, 340, 341
—— his variations being due to no general underlying principle, will not tend to appear in definite directions, nor to many individuals at a time, nor to be constant for long together, 342
—— speaks of natural selection as a cause of modification, while declaring it to be a means only, 345, &c.
—— his explanation of this, 384, &c.
—— his dilemma, as regards the “Origin of Species,” 346
—— declares the fact of variation to be the cause of variation, 8, 347, 369
—— if he had told us more of what Buffon, &c., said, and where they were wrong, he would have taken a course, &c., 357
—— on the ease with which we can hide our ignorance under a cloud of words, 358
—— apologizes for having underrated the frequency and importance of variation due to spontaneous variability, 358
—— his “Origin of Species” like the opinion of a lawyer who wanted to leave loopholes, or an Act of Parliament full of repealed and inserted clauses, 358
—— accused of confusion and inaccuracy of thought, 359
—— as just as Aristides himself, 364
—— most candid literary opponent in the world, 364
—— declares Nature to be the most important means of modification, and variation to be the cause of variations, 369
—— like a will-o’-the-wisp, 372
—— disuse, the main agent in reducing wings of Madeira beetles, 377
—— how he and Lamarck treat the winglessness of Madeira beetles respectively, 373-380
—— an example of his “manner,” 378
—— the way in which he met “Evolution, Old and New,” 393
Darwin, Erasmus, never quite recognized design, 39
—— ignorance concerning, 61
—— on reason and instinct, 115, &c.
—— life of, 173, &c.
—— in Nottingham market-place, 182, 184, 197
—— and Dr. Johnson, 184, 185
—— and Tutbury bull running, 187
—— his poetry about the pump, and illustration, 84, 193
—— should have given his evolution theory a book to itself, 197
—— had no wish to see far beyond the obvious, 197
—— must be admitted to have missed detecting Buffon’s humour, 83, 84, 197
—— did not attribute instincts and structures to memory pure and simple, 198
—— on the reasoning powers of animals, and on instinct, 201, 205
—— his failure to connect memory and instinct, as with birds’ nests, 201-203
—— failed to see the four main propositions which I contended for in “Life and Habit,” 37, 203, 204
—— on the analogies between animal and vegetable life, 206, &c.
—— on sensitive plants, 206, 210
—— on the individuality of buds, and his theory of bark, 207, 208
—— on the movements of climbing plants, 209
—— on the oneness of personality between parents and offspring, 214;
the embryo not a new animal, 215
—— on animals under domestication, 223
—— on the effects of accidents transmitted to offspring, 224
—— sees struggle, and hence modification, turn mainly round three great wants, 226, 229, 257, 279
—— on desire as a means of modification, 226, 228, 259
—— by a slip approaches the error of his grandson, 227, 228
—— on embryonic metamorphoses, 230, 231
—— believed animals and plants to be descended from a common stock, 233
—— and Lamarck compared, 257
—— on the struggle of existence, and the survival of the fittest, 227, 232, 259
Darwin, Mrs. Erasmus, death-bed of, 178
Darwin, Francis, mentioned, 109
—— his interesting lecture, 206
—— does not use the expression “natural selection,” 368
Darwinising, Coleridge on, 21
Darwinism, the old Darwinism involves desire, invention, and design, 58
—— modern, falling into disfavour, 60
—— and evolution not to be confounded, 360, 361
Day, the portrait of, by Wright of Derby, 180
Death, violent, Buffon on, 126
—— of Dr. Erasmus Darwin, 193, 194
Death-bed of Mrs. Erasmus Darwin, 178
Deed, illustration drawn from a very intricate, 28
Definite, with Lamarck the variations are, 341, 344
Dégénérations, 87
Demand and supply, like power and desire, 222, 300
Demonstrative case, “this demonstrative case of neuter insects, &c.,” 249, 298, 314
Descent, with modification, spoken of as though synonymous with natural selection, 248, 356
Design, and organism, shall we or shall we not connect these ideas? 2
—— Aristotle denied, Plato upheld, Haeckel on, 4
—— Prof. Clifford’s denial of, 6, 7
—— does certainly involve a designer who has an organism, who can think, and make mistakes, 6, 24
—— a belief in both design and evolution, commonly held to be incompatible, 9
—— Sir W. Thomson and Sir J. Herschel on, 11
—— Paley on, 12, &c.
—— light thrown by embryology on the method of, 25
—— G. H. Lewes opposes, 26
—— the three positions in respect to, taken by Charles Darwin, Paley, and the earlier evolutionists, 31
—— the first evolutionists did not see that their view of evolution involved design, 34
—— from within as much design as from without, 36
—— was equivalent to theological design, with the early evolutionists, 36
—— if each step is taken designedly, the whole is done designedly, 52, 384
—— and accident, the line between them hard to draw; shaking the bag, &c., 53, 384
—— instinct originated in, 54
—— as much lost sight of with old-established forms of the steam-engine as with birds’ nests or the wheel, 55
—— Dr. E. Darwin’s failure to see that evolution involves design, 195
—— we feel the want of, as much as we do of evolution, 407
—— evolution not only tolerates, but cannot get on without, 408
Designer, “I believe in an organic and tangible designer of every complex structure,” 6
— — “where is he? show him to us,” &c., 29, 30
—— the, of any organism, the organism itself, 30, 31, 40
Desire and power, interaction of, 44, 45, 47, 127, 217, 221, 300, 322
—— and power, like wealth, 222
—— as a means of modification, Dr. Erasmus Darwin on, 226, 228, 259
Development, the history of organic, the history of a moral struggle, 45
—— always due to making the best of the present, 50
Devils, 20,000, dancing a saraband on the point of a needle, 216
Dew drop, or lens, the, and Lord Rosse’s telescope, 44, 47
Diaphragm, Buffon on the, 129
Dice, accidental variations thrown for as with, 3
Difference between animal and ordinary mechanism, 24
—— the main, between the manufacture of tools and that of organs, 39
Dilemma, C. Darwin’s, 346
Direct action of changed conditions, Buffon on the, 105, 145, 147, 160
Discontinuity in continuity, 47
Disease, accidents followed by, 303
Disintegration, Protestantism tends towards, 397
Distribution, geographical, changed, Buffon on, 145, 164
Disuse, and the winglessness of Madeira beetles, we are almost surprised to find that they are connected at all, 375
—— the main agent in reducing the wings of Madeira beetles, 377
—— some examples of the effect of, adduced by Lamarck, 378
Dog, Buffon on the, 120
—— Lamarck on the various breeds of the, 297
Domestication, a single case of a species formed under domestication sufficient to remove the à priori difficulty from a comprehensive theory of evolution, 90, 91, 311
—— plants under, Buffon on, 167, &c.
—— Buffon on animals under, 103, 120, &c., 148, &c., 159, &c., 276
—— animals under, Dr. Erasmus Darwin on, 223
—— animals under, Buffon on, 121, &c., 148, 276
—— C. Darwin on, 276
—— animals and plants under, Lamarck on, 275, 293, 296, 297, 300
—— animals and plants under, Mr. Patrick Matthew on, 324
Door, the doing anything well will open the door for doing something else, 51
Ducks, our domesticated, why they cannot fly like wild ones, 296, 309
EARN, “you are but doing your best to earn an honest living,” 29
Ears are never found in a rudimentary condition, 379
Eat, or be eaten, 177
Effort, Paley’s argument that structures have not been developed through, 22, 45
—— too much, as vicious as indolence, 35
— — “neither too much nor too little,” 50
—— Herculean, condemned, 197
Egyptian mummies, Lamarck on, 274, 275
Embryology, the light it throws upon the mode in which organisms have been designed, 25
Embryonic metamorphoses, Erasmus Darwin on, 230, 231
Embryonic development, Lamarck on, 289
Encyclical, the Pope’s, on St. Thomas Aquinas, 402, &c.
Endeavour, Paley’s argument against the view that structures have been developed through, 22, 45
Endowment, the new orthodoxy, which is clamouring for, 360
English wines, Dr. Erasmus Darwin’s preference for, 175
Environment. See Conditions of Existence
Equilibrium, the, of Nature, Buffon on the, 125
Err, the power to, rated highly, 29
— — “it is on this margin that we may err or wander,” 50
—— virtue ever errs on the side of excess, 35
Error, importance of, dependent on the distance, rather than the direction, 50
“Especially” the same, 92, 96
Ethiopian, the, can change his skin, if it becomes worth his while to try long enough, 40
Evêque and bishop, common derivation of, 355
Everlasting, God, how far, 32
Evolution, commonly held incompatible with design, 9
—— Paley, its first serious opponent in England, 21
—— Sir Walter Raleigh on, 21, 70
—— must stand or fall according as it rests on a purposive foundation or no, 60
—— brief summary of its six principal stages, 62, &c.
—— Bacon on, 69
—— the theory of, as apart from the evidence in support of it, 332
—— C. Darwin and Lamarck are equally intent upon establishing the same theory of evolution, 335-337
—— and Darwinism, not to be confounded, 360, 361
—— Rome and Pantheism meet in, 403
Evolutionists, the early, did not know that they accepted teleology, 34
—— the early, saw design, only as design by the God of theologians, 36
Experience and instinct, Mr. Patrick Matthew on, 322
Extinct species, Lamarck on, 277
—— Buffon on, 146, 277
Eye, no creature that had nothing like an eye ever set itself to conceive one and grow one, 44, 387
—— Paley asks “how will our philosopher get an eye?” 46
—— of flat fish, Lamarck on the, 307
—— Lamarck on the, of underground and cave-inhabiting animals, 378
—— disappear and reappear in the scale of organism according to the power of using them, 379
FAITH, forms of, or faiths of form, &c., 339
Familiarity, with a little, such superficial objections will be forgotten, 367
Far ahead, no organism ever saw an improvement a long way off and made towards it, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 384
Father, the man who could be father of such a son and retain his affection, &c., 76
Factors, there have been two, of modification, one producing and the other accumulating variations, 227
Fecundity, alternate years of, Buffon on, 125
Feeding and breeding, 222
Feel, if plants and animals look as if they feel, let us say they feel, 198
Feeling, there is more feeling than reason in animals, 51
Feral characteristics, resumption of, Buffon on, 123
Final causes, the doctrine of, as commonly held in the time of the early evolutionists, 34, 36
—— Buffon on, 118, &c.
Fitness, the cause of, more important than the fact that fitness is commonly fit, and therefore successful, 351
Flat fish, Lamarck on the eyes of, 307
Fluctuation of opinion, C. Darwin on Buffon’s, the charge refuted, 97, &c., 164, 166
Fontenelle, on theories, 22
Foot, and model of foot, differences between, 24
Forms of faith, or faiths of form, &c., 339
Four main points which the early evolutionists failed to see in their connection and bearing on each other, 37, 203
Four main principles, the, which I contended for in “Life and Habit,” 37, 203, 380, 381
Fowls and pigeons, Buffon on, 169
GARNETT, Mr. R., and “Darwinising,” 21
Genius, Mr. Allen says I am a, 388
Gentleman, the Church of Rome means the same by the word as we do, 395
Geoffroy, Étienne, how small a way he goes, 196
—— and Isidore, trimmers, 328
—— on Buffon, 328
—— on conditions of existence, 326, 327
—— declares against Lamarck’s hypothesis, 328
—— his position, 325-328
Geoffroy, Isidore, on evolution and final causes, 9
—— on Buffon’s fluctuation of opinion, 98, &c., 164, 166
—— points out the difference between the views of Buffon and Lamarck, 105
—— statement that Buffon’s opinions fluctuated again refuted, 166
—— and Lamarck’s hypothesis, 244-246, 329
—— on Buffon, 328
—— his position, 329
Genealogical order, Lamarck on, 264
—— C. Darwin on, 265
Generation more remarkable than reason, Hume on, 233
Generic differences (as well as specific), Buffon on, 164
Genius, a supreme capacity for taking pains, 76
Geographical distribution, changed, Buffon on, 145, &c., 164
Geometrical ratio of increase, Buffon on, 123
—— Lamarck, on, 280
—— Patrick Matthew on, 320, 321
Germ of oak indistinguishable from that of a man, 334
Germans, Buffon on the, 93
Glory “comes after labour if she can,” &c., 76
Go away, because their uncles, aunts, 376
God, embodied in living forms, and dwelling in them, 31
—— how far everlasting, invisible, imperishable, omnipotent, &c., 32
—— the unseen parts of, are as a deep-buried history, 33
Goethe, as an evolutionist, 71
Gradations infinitely subtle, 87
Grant Allen, on “Evolution, Old and New,” 386-388
—— on the decay of criticism, 388
—— says that “Evolutionism is an almost exclusively English impulse,” 393
Greyhound or racehorse, the well-adapted form of the, 359
Growth attended at each step by a felicitous tempering of two antagonistic principles, 35
Gueneau de Montbeillard, 172, 173
HABIT,” “Life and. See “Life and Habit.”
—— rudimentary organs repeated through mere force of, 38, 39
—— Buffon on, 148, 159, 160, 161, 162
—— a second Nature, Lamarck on, 300
Habits, or use, and organ, Lamarck on the interaction of, 292, 311
Haeckel, on design, 4, 5
—— on Goethe as an evolutionist, 71
—— does not appear to know of Buffon as an evolutionist, 71, 393
—— his surprising statement concerning Lamarck, 73
—— his ignorance concerning Erasmus Darwin, 73, 393
—— on Lamarck, 246, 247
—— A. R. Wallace’s review of his “Evolution of Man,” 382, 384
Hamlet, the “Origin of Species” like “Hamlet” without Hamlet, 363
