Delphi complete works of.., p.481
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius, page 481
XV
WHILE the emperor was taking such measures as have been described, Belisarius on his part sent an army to the harbour of Rome under command of Valentinus and one of his own bodyguards, Phocas by name, an exceptionally able warrior, with instructions to join the garrison in Portus, which was commanded by Innocentius, and to assist them in guarding that fortress; and wherever they found it possible, they were to make excursions and harass the enemy’s camp. Consequently, Valentinus and Phocas secretly sent a messenger into Rome bearing the intelligence to Bessas that they were at that moment about to make a sudden attack upon the stockade of their opponents; he should, therefore, on his part, select the most warlike of the soldiers in Rome, and, whenever he observed their assault, rush to their assistance, so that each of the two forces might be able to inflict some great injury upon the barbarians. Bessas, however, was by no means taken with this plan, notwithstanding the fact that he had as many as three thousand soldiers under him. Thus it was that Valentinus and Phocas with a force of five hundred descended unexpectedly upon the enemy’s camp and killed a few men, and the tumult occasioned thereby soon reached the ears of the besieged. But seeing that no one came out from the city against the camp, they quickly retired to the harbour without suffering any loss.
So they sent to Bessas a second time, and first charging him with having had a regrettable attack of timidity, they declared that they would soon make another assault upon the enemy and urged that he too should fall upon the barbarians with all his strength at the proper moment. Bessas, however, still refused to make a sally against his opponents and risk a battle. Still Valentinus and Phocas were purposing to assail the enemy in larger force and had already made their preparations. But a certain soldier of Innocentius’ command went as a deserter to Totila and carried the news that on the following day there would be an attack upon them from Portus. So Totila decided to fill with ambuscades of soldiers all the places which were adapted for this purpose. On the following day, therefore, Valentinus and Phocas fell into these ambuscades, and not only lost the most of their men, but were also killed themselves. And only a small handful made their escape with difficulty and betook themselves to Portus.
It was at this time that Vigilius, the chief priest of Rome, who was then sojourning in Sicily, filled with grain as many ships as he could and sent them off, thinking that in some way or other those who were conveying the cargoes would be able to get into Rome. So these ships were sailing toward the Roman harbour, but the enemy spied them and got to the harbour a short time before the ships arrived; there they concealed themselves inside the walls, their purpose being that, as soon as the ships should come to the land there, they might capture them with no difficulty. And when all the men keeping guard in Portus observed this, they went up to the battlement, every man of them, and by waving their cloaks strove to signal the men on the ships not to come ahead, but to turn aside and go elsewhere — anywhere in fact, where chance might lead them. But the men on the ships failed to comprehend what they were doing, supposing that the Romans in Portus were rejoicing and inviting them to the harbour, and since they had a favouring wind they quickly got inside the harbour. Now there were many Romans on board the ships, and among them a certain bishop named Valentinus. Then the barbarians arose from their hiding place and took possession of all the boats without encountering any resistance. And as for the bishop, they took him prisoner and led him before Totila, but all the rest they killed, and drawing the boats up on shore with their cargoes still in them, they departed.
And Totila made such enquiries of this priest as he wished, and then accused him of not telling the truth in any respect and so cut off both his hands. Such was the course of these events. And the winter drew to a close, and the eleventh year ended in this war, the history of which Procopius has written. [546 A.D.]
Βιγίλιος δέ, ὁ τῆς Ῥώμης ἀρχιερεύς, βασιλεῖ ἐς Βυζάντιον ἐκ Σικελίας μετάπεμπτος ἦλθεν. ἐτύγχανε γὰρ πολύν τινα χρόνον διὰ τοῦτο ἐν Σικελίᾳ διατριβὴν ἔχων. [2] Ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Ῥωμαῖοι ἐν Πλακεντίᾳ πολιορκούμενοι ἁπάντων ἤδη σφᾶς τῶν ἀναγκαίων παντάπασιν ἐπιλιπόντων ἐς βρώσεις οὐχ ὁσίας τινάς, βιαζόμενοι τῷ λιμῷ, ἦλθον. [3] καὶ μὴν καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐγεύσαντο. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ Πλακεντίαν ὁμολογίᾳ Γότθοις παρέδωκαν. [4] Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ἐχώρησε καὶ Ῥώμην πρὸς Τουτίλα πολιορκουμένην ἅπαντα ἤδη τὰ ἀναγκαῖα ἐπελελοίπει. [5] ἦν δέ τις ἐν τοῖς Ῥώμης ἱερεῦσιν, ὄνομα μὲν Πελάγιος, διάκονος δὲ τὴν τιμήν, ὃς δὴ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ χρόνον διατρίψας συχνὸν φίλος μὲν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ γέγονε, χρήματα δὲ περιβεβλημένος μεγάλα ἐς Ῥώμην ὀλίγῳ ἔμπροσθεν ἐτύγχανεν ἀφικόμενος. [6] ἐν ταύτῃ τε τῇ πολιορκίᾳ τοῖς τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀπορουμένοις πλεῖστα τῶν χρημάτων προέμενος, ὢν καὶ πρότερον ἔν γε Ἰταλιώταις ἅπασι δόκιμος, μεῖζον, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐπὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ κλέος ἀπήνεγκε. [7] τοῦτον Ῥωμαῖοι τὸν Πελάγιον, ἐπειδὴ τὰ ἀμήχανα τῷ λιμῷ ἔπασχον, πείθουσι παρὰ Τουτίλαν τε ἰέναι καὶ ἡμερῶν ὀλίγων τινῶν ἐκεχειρίαν διαπράξασθαι σφίσιν, ἐφ̓ ᾧ, ἢν μή τις αὐτοῖς ἐπικουρία ταύτης δὴ ἐντὸς τῆς ἐκεχειρίας ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἀφίκηται, σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς ὁμολογίᾳ καὶ τὴν πόλιν Γότθοις ἐνδώσουσιν. [8] ἐπὶ ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ πρεσβείᾳ Πελάγιος παρὰ Τουτίλαν ἦλθεν. ἥκοντά τε αὐτὸν ὁ Τουτίλας ἀσπασάμενος αἰδοῖ τε καὶ φιλοφροσύνῃ πολλῇ πρῶτος ἔλεξεν ὧδε: [9] ‘Πᾶσι μέν, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εἰπεῖν, νόμος βαρβάροις τὸ χρῆμα τῶν πρέσβεων σέβειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ τοὺς τῆς ἀρετῆς τι μεταποιουμένους, οἷος αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ ἄλλως τιμᾶν ἐν σπουδῇ ἄνωθεν γέγονε. [10] τιμὴν δὲ καὶ ὕβριν ἐς ἄνδρα πρεσβευτὴν οὐ πρᾳότητι προσώπων οὐδὲ ῥημάτων ὄγκῳ τῶν ὑποδεξαμένων διακεκρίσθαι οἶμαι, ἀλλ̓ ἔν γε τῷ ἀληθίζεσθαι ἢ λόγοις οὐχ ὑγιαίνουσιν ἐς αὐτὸν χρῆσθαι. [11] τετιμῆσθαι μὲν γὰρ διαφερόντως ἐκείνῳ ξυμβαίνει, ὅτῳ ἂν ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος ἀποκαλύψαντες τὸν ἀληθῆ λόγον, οὕτω τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποπέμποιντο, περιυβρίσθαι δὲ πάντων μάλιστα τῷ πρεσβευτῇ τούτῳ, ὃς ἃν ὑπούλων τε καὶ ξυμπεπλασμένων ἀκούσας ῥημάτων ἀπιὼν οἴχοιτο. [12] τριῶν τοίνυν ἐκτός, ὦ Πελάγιε, τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, ὅτου ἂν δεηθείης, οὐ μή ποτε πρὸς ἡμῶν ἀτυχήσεις. [13] ἃ δὴ φυλασσόμενόν σε σιωπᾶν ἄμεινον, ὅπως μὴ σαυτῷ αἰτιώτατος γεγονὼς τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνύειν ὧν ἕνεκα ἦλθες τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν μέμψιν ἡμῖν ἀναθήσεις. [14] τῷ γὰρ μὴ ἐπιτηδείως τοῖς παροῦσιν αἰτεῖσθαι τὸ μηδὲν κατορθοῦν ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐμπέφυκε. λέγω δὲ ὅπως μήτε Σικελιωτῶν τινος ἕνεκα μήτε τῶν Ῥώμης περιβόλων, ἢ τῶν προσκεχωρηκότων ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν, τοὺς λόγους ποιήσεις. [15] οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τέ ἐστιν ἢ Γότθους φειδοῖ ἐς Σικελιωτῶν τινα χρήσεσθαι, ἢ τόδε τὸ τεῖχος ἑστάναι, ἢ δούλους τοὺς ξὺν ἡμῖν στρατευσαμένους τοῖς πάλαι κεκτημένοις δουλεύειν. τοῦ δὲ μὴ δοκεῖν ἀλογίστῳ ταῦτα προτείνεσθαι γνώμῃ τῷ τὰς αἰτίας αὐτίκα ἐξειπεῖν τὴν ὑποψίαν ἐκλύσομεν.’ [16] ‘Ἠν μὲν ἡ νῆσος εὐδαίμων ἐκ παλαιοῦ χρημάτων προσόδῳ καὶ καρπῶν ἀφθονίᾳ τῶν ἐκεῖ φυομένων πασῶν μάλιστα, ὥστε οὐ τοῖς αὐτὴν ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐπαρκεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ὑμᾶς ἐνθένδε εἰσκομιζομένους ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος τὴν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων φορὰν διαρκῶς ἔχειν. [17] διόπερ κατ̓ ἀρχὰς ἐδέοντο Θευδερίχου Ῥωμαῖοι μὴ πολλῶν ἐνταῦθα Γότθων καταστῆναι φρουράν, ὡς μηδὲν αὐτῶν τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἢ τῇ ἄλλῃ εὐδαιμονίᾳ ἐμπόδιον εἴη. [18] τούτων δὲ τοιούτων ὄντων κατέπλευσεν ἐς Σικελίαν ὁ τῶν πολεμίων στρατός, οὔτε ἀνδρῶν πλήθει οὔτε ἄλλῳ τῶν πάντων οὐδενὶ ἀξιόμαχοι πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὄντες. [19] Σικελιῶται δὲ τὸν στόλον ἰδόντες οὐκ ἐς Γότθους ταῦτα ἀνήνεγκαν, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι καθεῖρξαν αὑτούς, οὐκ ἄλλο προσκρούειν τοῖς ἐναντίοις οὐδὲν ἔγνωσαν, ἀλλ̓ ἀναπετάσαντες προθυμίᾳ τῇ πάσῃ τὰς τῶν πόλεων πύλας ἐδέξαντο ὑπτίαις χερσὶ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων στρατόν, ὥσπερ, οἶμαι, τὰ τῶν ἀνδραπόδων ἀπιστότατα, ἐκ χρόνου καιροφυλακοῦντες πολλοῦ δραπετεῦσαι μὲν τῆς τῶν κεκτημένων χειρός, νέους δέ τινας καὶ ἀγνῶτας αὑτοῖς δεσπότας εὑρεῖν. [20] ἐντεῦθέν τε ὁρμώμενοι καθάπερ ἐξ ἐπιτειχίσματος οἱ πολέμιοι τήν τε ἄλλην Ἰταλίαν ἀπονητὶ ἔσχον καὶ Ῥώμην τήνδε κατέλαβον, σῖτον ἐκ Σικελίας ἐπαγαγόμενοι τοσοῦτον τὸ πλῆθος, ὥστε πολιορκουμένοις ἐς ἐνιαυτοῦ μῆκος ἀντέχειν ξύμπασι Ῥωμαίοις. [21] τὰ μὲν οὗν Σικελιωτῶν τοιαῦτά ἐστιν, ὧνπερ αὐτοῖς Γότθους συγγνώμονας εἶναι οὐδεμία μηχανὴ ἔσται, τοῦ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ὄγκου παραιρουμένου τοῖς ἠδικηκόσι τὸν ἔλεον. [22] Τούτων δὲ τῶν περιβόλων ἐντὸς καθείρξαντες αὑτοὺς οἱ πολέμιοι ἐς μὲν τὸ πεδίον καταβαίνοντες παρατάσσεσθαι ἡμῖν οὐδαμῆ ἔγνωσαν, σοφίσμασι δὲ καὶ παραγωγαῖς ἀεί τε καὶ καθ̓ ἡμέραν Γότθους ἐκκρούοντες κύριοι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐκ τοῦ παραλόγου γεγένηνται. [23] ὅπως τοίνυν καὶ ὕστερον μὴ ταῦτα πάθοιμεν προνοεῖν ἄξιον. τοὺς γὰρ ἅπαξ ἀγνοίᾳ σφαλέντας ἐς τὴν αὐτὴν αὖθις ἐκπεπτωκέναι κακοπραγίαν οὐ προειδομένους τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς πείρας ἤδη συνειθισμένην αὐτοῖς συμφοράν, οὐ τύχης ἐναντίωμα γεγενῆσθαι δοκεῖ, ἀλλ̓ ἐς ἄνοιαν τῶν ἐπταικότων, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, [24] περιίστασθαι. προσθείη δ̓ ἄν τις ὡς καὶ τὸν Ῥώμης καθαιρεθῆναι περίβολον μάλιστα πάντων ὑμῖν ξυνοίσει. οὐδὲ μεθ̓ ἑτέρων γὰρ τὸ λοιπὸν καθειργμένοι πάντων τε ἀποκεκλεισμένοι τῶν ἀναγκαίων, πολιορκηθήσεσθε πρὸς τῶν ἐπιόντων, ἀλλὰ κινδυνεύσουσι μὲν τῇ μάχῃ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἑκάτεροι, ἆθλον δὲ τῶν νικώντων ὑμεῖς οὐ μετὰ κινδύνων ὑμετέρων γενήσεσθε. [25] τῶν μέντοι προσκεχωρηκότων ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν ἕνεκα τοσαῦτα ἐροῦμεν, ὡς, ἤνπερ ἐκείνους συνταξαμένους τε ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους καὶ παῤ ἡμῶν τὴν ὁμολογίαν κεκομισμένους τοῦ μή ποτε αὐτοὺς τοῖς πάλαι κεκτημένοις προήσεσθαι τανῦν ἐγχειρίσειν ὑμῖν γνοίημεν, οὐδὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς τὸ πιστὸν ἕξομεν. [26] οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι, τὸν τῶν ξυγκειμένων ἐς τοὺς ἁπάντων οἰκτροτάτους ὀλιγωροῦντα βέβαιον ἐς τῶν ἄλλων τινὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ γνώμην ἐνδείκνυσθαι, ἀλλ̓ ὥσπερ τῆς φύσεως ἄλλο τι γνώρισμα ἐς πάντας τοὺς αὐτῷ ξυμβάλλοντας τὴν ἀπιστίαν ἀεὶ περιφέρειν φιλεῖ.’ [27] Τουτίλας μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπε, Πελάγιος δὲ ἀμείβεται ὧδε: ‘Κατεσπουδάσθαι σοι μάλιστα πάντων ἐμέ τε, ὦ γενναῖε, καὶ τὸ τῆς πρεσβείας ὑπειπὼν ὄνομα ἐν μοίρᾳ ἡμᾶς τῇ ἀτιμοτάτῃ ξυνέταξας. [28] ὑβρίζειν γὰρ εἰς ἄνδρα φίλον τε καὶ πρεσβευτὴν ἔγωγε οἶμαι οὐχ ὃς ἂν κατὰ κόρρης πατάξαι καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ ἀσελγείᾳ ἐς αὐτὸν χρήσαιτο, ἀλλ̓ ὃς ἂν ἄπρακτον ἀποπέμψασθαι τὸν ἐς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα γνοίη. [29] οὐ γὰρ ὅπως τιμῆς πρὸς τῶν ὑποδεξαμένων τινὸς τύχωσι, καθεῖναι αὑτοὺς ἐς τὴν πρεσβείαν εἰώθασιν ἄνθρωποι, ἀλλ̓ ὅπως τι ἀγαθὸν διαπεπραγμένοι τοῖς ἐσταλκόσιν ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐπανήξωσιν. [30] ὥστε προπηλακισθέντας ξυνοίσει μᾶλλον διαπεπρᾶχθαί τι ὧν ἕνεκα ἦλθον ἢ λόγων ἐπιεικεστέρων ἀκούσαντας τῆς ἐλπίδος ἀποτυχόντας ἐπανελθεῖν. παραιτεῖσθαι μὲν οὖν οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ περὶ τούτων ὧν αὐτὸς εἴρηκας. [31] τί γὰρ ἄν τις ἐνοχλοίη τόν γε πρὸ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἀπειπόντα τὴν ξύμβασιν ; ἐκεῖνο δὲ οὐκ ἂν σιωπῴην, ὡς ἔνδηλος εἶ ὁπόσην ἐς Ῥωμαίους τοὺς σοὶ ὅπλα ἀντάραντας φιλανθρωπίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι μέλλεις, ὃς ἐς Σικελιώτας τοὺς οὐδαμῆ σοι ἀπηντηκότας ἀκήρυκτον τὸ ἔχθος ἐξενεγκεῖν ἔγνως. [32] ἀλλ̓ ἔγωγε μεθεὶς τὴν πρὸς σὲ δέησιν τὴν πρεσβείαν ἐς τὸν θεὸν μεταθήσομαι, ὃς δὴ τοῖς τὰς ἱκεσίας ὑπερφρονοῦσι νεμεσᾶν εἴωθε.’
