Delphi complete works of.., p.555
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius, page 555
[8] οὕτω τε ἅπαντες ξυλλήβδην εἰπεῖν οὐδένα ἀνιέντες καιρὸν ἐκ περιτροπῆς ἦγόν τε καὶ ἔφερον ἁπαξάπαντα.
[8] Thus all the barbarians, one may almost say, omitting no season of the year, made raids in rotation, plundering and harrying absolutely everything without a moment’s pause.
[9] ἀρχόντων γάρ εἰσι τοῖς βαρβάροις τούτοις ξυμμορίαι πολλαὶ καὶ περιήρχετο πόλεμος τὴν μὲν αἰτίαν ἐκ φιλοτιμίας ἀλογίστου λαβὼν, τὸ δὲ πέρας εὑρέσθαι οὐδαμῆ ἔχων, ἀλλ̓ ἐφ̓ ἑαυτὸν ἀνακυκλούμενος τὸν
[9] For these barbarians have many groups of leaders and war went the rounds — war that originated in an unreasoning generosity, and could never reach an end, but kept for ever revolving about its own centre.
[10] πάντα αἰῶνα. διὸ δὴ χῶρος μέν τις ἢ ὄρος ἢ σπήλαιον ἢ ἄλλο τι τῆς Ῥωμαίων γῆς ὑπὸ τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον ἀδῄωτον οὐδαμῆ ἔμεινε, χώραις δὲ πολλαῖς πλέον ἢ πεντάκις ἁλῶναι συνέβη.
[10] Consequently, during this period no settlement, no mountain, no cave — nothing, in fact, in the Roman domain — remained unplundered, and many places had the misfortune to be captured more than five times.
[11] καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι καὶ ὅσα πρὸς Μήδων τε καὶ Σαρακηνῶν καὶ Σκλαβηνῶν καὶ Ἀντῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων βαρβάρων ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθέν μοι δεδιήγηται λόγοις: ἀλλ̓ ὅπερ τοῦδε ἀρχόμενος τοῦ λόγου ὑπεῖπον, τὴν αἰτίαν τῶν ξυμπεπτωκότων ἐνταῦθά μοι ἦν ἀναγκαῖον εἰπεῖν.
[11] Yet all these things and all that was done by Medes, Saracens, Sclavenians, and Antae and the other barbarians have been set forth by me in previous Books; but, as I said at the beginning of this present Book, it was necessary for me to state in this place the causes of what happened.
[12] Καὶ Χοσρόῃ μὲν κεντηναρίων πλῆθος ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης προέμενος, αὐτογνωμονήσας δὲ οὐδενὶ λόγῳ αἰτιώτατος τοῦ λελύσθαι τὰς σπονδὰς γέγονεν, Ἀλαμούνδαρόν τε καὶ Οὔννους τοὺς Πέρσαις ἐνσπόνδους σπουδάζων τε καὶ διατεινόμενος ἑταιρίζεσθαι, ὅπερ μοι ἐν λόγοις τοῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀπαρακαλύπτως εἰρῆσθαι δοκεῖ.
[12] And though he paid out to Chosroes huge sums of gold in return for peace, still, acting on his own judgment in a senseless way, he became the chief cause of the breaking of the truce by his intense eagerness to gain the alliance of Alamundarus and the Huns who are allied to the Persians, a matter which I believe to have been mentioned without concealment in the narrative referring to them.
[13] ἐν ᾧ δὲ τὰ ἐκ τῶν στάσεών τε καὶ πολέμων κακὰ Ῥωμαίοις ἀνήγειρε καὶ ἐρρίπιζεν, ἓν τοῦτο βουλευσάμενος, αἵματος ἀνθρωπείου τὴν γῆν πολλαῖς μηχαναῖς ἔμπλεων γίνεσθαι καὶ χρήματα ληΐζεσθαι πλείω, φόνον καὶ ἄλλον τῶν ὑπηκόων ἐπενόει πολὺν τρόπῳ τοιῷδε.
[3] And while he was stirring up the evils of faction and of war for the Romans and fanning the flames, with the one thought in mind that the earth should by many a device be filled with human blood and that he should plunder more money, he contrived another massacre of his subjects on a large scale, in the following manner.
[14] Χριστιανῶν δόξαι ἀπόβλητοι πολλαί εἰσιν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ, ἅσπερ αἱρέσεις καλεῖν νενομίκασι, Μοντανῶν τε καὶ Σαββατιανῶν καὶ ὅσαις ἄλλαις πλανᾶσθαι αἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων εἰώθασι γνῶμαι.
[14] There are in the whole Roman Empire many rejected doctrines of the Christians, which they are accustomed to call “heresies” — those of the Montani, the Sabbatiani, and all the others which are wont to cause the judgment of man to go astray.
[15] τούτους ἅπαντας δόξαν τὴν παλαιὰν ἐκέλευε μετατίθεσθαι, ἄλλα τε ἀπειλήσας ἀπειθοῦσι πολλὰ καὶ τὰς οὐσίας ἐς τοὺς παῖδας ἢ ξυγγενεῖς μηκέτι παραπέμπειν οἷόν τε εἶναι.
[15] All these heretics he commanded to change their earlier beliefs, threatening many things in case of their disobedience, and in particular that it would be impossible for them in the future to hand down their property to their children or other relatives.
[16] τούτων δὲ τὰ ἱερὰ τῶν αἱρετικῶν καλουμένων, καὶ διαφερόντως οἷσπερ ἡ τοῦ Ἀρείου ἤσκητο δόξα, πλοῦτόν τινα εἶχεν ἀκοῆς κρείττω.
[16] Now the shrines of these heretics, as they are called, and particularly those who practised the Arian belief, contained wealth unheard-of.
[17] οὔτε γὰρ ἡ σύγκλητος βουλὴ ξύμπασα οὔτε τις ἄλλη μεγίστη μοῖρα τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς τά γε εἰς τὴν οὐσίαν εἰκάζεσθαι τούτοις δὴ τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἔσχε.
[17] For neither the entire Senate nor any other major group of the Roman State could be compared with these sanctuaries in point of wealth.
[18] κειμήλιά τε γὰρ αὐτοῖς χρυσᾶ τε καὶ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ ξυγκείμενα ἐκ λίθων ἐντίμων ἀμύθητά τε καὶ ἀναρίθμητα ἦν, οἰκίαι τε καὶ κῶμαι παμπληθεῖς, καὶ χώρα πολλὴ πανταχόθι τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὅση ἄλλη πλούτου ἰδέα ἐστί τε καὶ ὀνομάζεται ἐν πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἅτε οὐδενὸς αὐτὰ τῶν πώποτε βεβασιλευκότων ὀχλήσαντος.
[18] For they had treasures of gold and of silver and ornaments set with precious stones, beyond telling or counting, houses and villages in great numbers, and a large amount of land in all parts of the world, and every other form of wealth which exists and has a name among all mankind, since no man who had ever reigned previously had ever disturbed them.
[19] πολλοί τε ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ταῦτα δόξης ὄντες ὀρθῆς, τῇ τῶν σφετέρων ἐπιτηδευμάτων προφάσει ἐνθένδε ἀεὶ τοῦ βίου τὰς ἀφορμὰς εἶχον.
[19] And many persons, and that too of the orthodox faith, excusing themselves by the occupations in which they were engaged, always depended upon the property of these sects for the means of their livelihood.
[20] τούτων μὲν οὖν τῶν ἱερῶν πρῶτον τὰς οὐσίας δημοσιώσας Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἀφείλετο ἐξαπιναίως τὰ χρήματα πάντα. ἐξ οὗ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀποκεκλεῖσθαι τὸ λοιπὸν τοῦ βίου συνέβη.
[20] So the Emperor Justinian began by confiscating the properties of these sanctuaries, thus stripping them suddenly of all their wealth. From this it came about that thereafter most of them were cut off from their livelihood.
[21] Πολλοὶ δὲ εὐθὺς πανταχόσε περιιόντες δόξης τῆς πατρίου τοὺς παραπίπτοντας ἠνάγκαζον μεταβάλλεσθαι.
[21] And many straightway went everywhere from place to place and tried to compel such persons as they met to change from their ancestral faith.
[22] ἅπερ ἐπεὶ ἀνθρώποις ἀγροίκοις οὐχ ὅσια ἔδοξεν εἶναι, τοῖς ταῦτα ἐπαγγέλλουσιν ἀντιστατεῖν ἅπαντες ἔγνωσαν.
[22] And since such action seemed unholy to the farmer class, they all resolved to make a stand against those who brought this message.
[23] πολλοὶ μὲν οὖν πρὸς τῶν στρατιωτῶν διεφθείροντο, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς διεχρήσαντο εὐσεβεῖν μάλιστα ὑπὸ ἀβελτερίας οἰόμενοι, καὶ αὐτῶν ὁ μὲν πλεῖστος ὅμιλος γῆς τῆς πατρῴας ἐξιστάμενοι ἔφευγον, Μοντανοὶ δὲ, οἳ ἐν Φρυγίᾳ κατῴκηντο, σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐν ἱεροῖς τοῖς σφετέροις καθείρξαντες τούτους τε τοὺς νεὼς αὐτίκα ἐμπρήσαντες ξυνδιεφθάρησαν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ, πᾶσά τε ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴ φόνου τε ἦν καὶ φυγῆς ἔμπλεως.
[23] So, then, while many were being destroyed by the soldiers and many even made away with themselves, thinking in their folly that they were doing a most righteous thing, and while the majority of them, leaving their homelands, went into exile, the Montani, whose home was in Phrygia, shutting themselves up in their own sanctuaries, immediately set their churches on fire, so that they were destroyed together with the buildings in senseless fashion, and consequently the whole Roman Empire was filled with murder and with exiled men.
[24] Νόμου δὲ τοῦ τοιούτου καὶ ἀμφὶ τοῖς Σαμαρείταις αὐτίκα τεθέντος ταραχὴ ἄκριτος τὴν Παλαιστίνην κατέλαβεν.
[24] And when a similar law was immediately passed touching the Samaritans also, an indiscriminate confusion swept through Palestine.
[25] ὅσοι μὲν οὖν ἔν τε Καισαρείᾳ τῇ ἐμῇ κὰν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσιν ᾤκουν, παρὰ φαῦλον ἡγησάμενοι κακοπάθειάν τινα ὑπὲρ ἀνοήτου φέρεσθαι δόγματος, ὄνομα Χριστιανῶν τοῦ σφίσι παρόντος ἀνταλλαξάμενοι τῷ προσχήματι τούτῳ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου ἀποσείσασθαι κίνδυνον ἴσχυσαν.
[25] Now all the residents of my own Caesarea and of all the other cities, regarding it as a foolish thing to undergo any suffering in defence of a senseless dogma, adopted the name of Christians in place of that which they then bore and by this pretence succeeded in shaking off the danger arising from the law.
[26] καὶ αὐτῶν ὅσοις μέν τι λογισμοῦ καὶ ἐπιεικείας μετῆν, πιστοὶ εἶναι τὰ ἐς δόξαν τήνδε οὐδαμῆ ἀπηξίουν, οἱ μέντοι πλεῖστοι ὥσπερ ἀγανακτοῦντες, ὅτι δὴ οὐχ ἑκούσιοι, ἀλλὰ τῷ νόμῳ ἠναγκασμένοι δόγμα τὸ πάτριον μετεβάλοντο, αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα ἐπί τε Μανιχαίους καὶ τοὺς καλουμένους Πολυθέους ἀπέκλιναν.
[26] And all those of their number who were persons of any prudence and reasonableness shewed no reluctance about adhering loyally to this faith, but the majority, feeling resentment that, not by their own free choice, but under compulsion of the law, they had changed from the beliefs of their fathers, instantly inclined to the Manichaeans and to the Polytheists, as they are called.
[27] οἱ δὲ γεωργοὶ ξύμπαντες ἀθρόοι γεγενημένοι ὅπλα ἀνταίρειν βασιλεῖ ἔγνωσαν, βασιλέα σφίσι τῶν τινα λῃστῶν προβεβλημένοι, Ἰουλιανὸν ὄνομα, Σαβάρου υἱόν.
[27] And all the farmers, having gathered in great numbers, decided to rise in arms against the Emperor, putting forward as their Emperor a certain brigand, Julian by name, son of Savarus.
[28] καὶ χρόνον μέν τινα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθόντες ἀντεῖχον, ἔπειτα δὲ ἡττηθέντες τῇ μάχῃ διεφθάρησαν ξὺν τῷ ἡγεμόνι.
[28] And when they engaged with the soldiers, they held out for a time, but finally they were defeated in the battle and perished along with their leader.
[29] καὶ λέγονται μυριάδες ἀνθρώπων δέκα ἐν τῷ πόνῳ τούτῳ ἀπολωλέναι, καὶ χώρα ἡ πάσης γῆς ἀγαθὴ μάλιστα ἔρημος γεωργῶν ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ γέγονε.
[29] And it is said that one hundred thousand men perished in this struggle, and the land, which is the finest in the world, became in consequence destitute of farmers.
[30] τοῖς τε τῶν χωρίων κυρίοις Χριστιανοῖς οὖσι τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο ἐς μέγα κακὸν ἐτελεύτησεν. ἀναγκαῖον γὰρ γέγονε σφίσιν οὐδὲν ἐνθένδε μετακομιζομένοις φόρον τὸν ἐπέτειον ἁδρόν τινα ὄντα ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα αἰῶνα βασιλεῖ φέρειν, ἐπεὶ οὐδεμιᾷ φειδοῖ ἡ τοῦ ἔργου τούτου ἐντροπὴ γέγονεν.
[30] And for the owners of the land who were Christians this led to very serious consequences. For it was incumbent upon them, as a matter of compulsion, to pay to the Emperor everlastingly, even though they were deriving no income from the land, the huge annual tax, since no mercy was shewn in the administration of this business.
[31] Ἐντεῦθεν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας καλουμένους τὴν δίωξιν ἦγεν αἰκιζόμενός τε τὰ σώματα καὶ τὰ χρήματα ληϊζόμενος.
[31] He then carried the persecution to the “Greeks,” as they are called, maltreating their bodies and plundering their properties.
[32] ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῶν ὅσοι τοῦ Χριστιανῶν ὀνόματος δῆθεν μεταλαχεῖν ἔγνωσαν τῷ λόγῳ τὰ παρόντα σφίσιν ἐκκρούοντες, οὗτοι δὴ οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς καὶ θυσίαις καὶ ἄλλοις οὐχ ὁσίοις ἔργοις ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἡλίσκοντο.
[32] But even those among them who had decided to espouse in word the name of Christians, seeking thus to avert their present misfortunes, these not much later were generally seized at their libations and sacrifices and other unholy acts. . . .
[33] τὰ γὰρ ἀμφὶ τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς εἰργασμένα ἐν τοῖς ὄπισθέν μοι λόγοις λελέξεται.
[33] For the measures that were taken with regard to the Christians will be told by me in the following narrative.
[34] Μετὰ δὲ καὶ τὸ παιδεραστεῖν νόμῳ ἀπεῖργεν, οὐ τὰ μετὰ τὸν νόμον διερευνώμενος, ἀλλὰ τοὺς πάλαι ποτὲ ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ νόσῳ ἁλόντας.
[34] Afterwards he also prohibited sodomy by law, not examining closely into offences committed subsequently to the law but concerning himself only with those persons who long before had been caught by this malady.
[35] ἐγίνετό τε ἡ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐπιστροφὴ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ, ἐπεὶ καὶ κατηγόρου χωρὶς ἐπράσσετο ἡ ἐς αὐτοὺς τίσις, ἑνός τε ἀνδρὸς ἢ παιδὸς λόγος, καὶ τούτου δούλου, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, καὶ ἀκουσίου μαρτυρεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν κεκτημένον ἀναγκασθέντος,
[35] And the prosecution of these cases was carried out in reckless fashion, since the penalty was exacted even without an accuser, for the word of a single man or boy, and even, if it so happened, of a slave compelled against his will to give evidence against his owner, was considered definite proof.
[36] ἔδοξεν εἶναι ἀκριβὴς ἔλεγχος. τούς τε οὕτως ἁλισκομένους τὰ αἰδοῖα περιῃρημένους ἐπόμπευον. οὐκ ἐς πάντας μέντοι κατ̓ ἀρχὰς τὸ κακὸν ἤγετο, ἀλλ̓ ὅσοι ἢ Πράσινοι εἶναι ἢ μεγάλα περιβεβλῆσθαι χρήματα ἔδοξαν ἢ ἄλλο τι τοῖς τυραννοῦσι προσκεκρουκότες ἐτύγχανον.
[36] Those who were thus convicted had their privates removed and were paraded through the streets. Not in all cases, however, but only upon those reputed to be Greens or to be possessed of great wealth or those who in some other way chanced to have offended the rulers.
[37] Καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῖς μετεωρολόγοις χαλεπῶς εἶχον. διὸ δὴ αὐτοὺς ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς κλέπταις τεταγμένη ἀρχὴ ᾐκίζετό τε ἀπ̓ οὐδεμιᾶς ἄλλης αἰτίας καὶ ξαίνουσα κατὰ τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς ἐπὶ καμήλων φερομένους ἐπόμπευεν ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν πόλιν γέροντάς τε καὶ ἄλλως ἐπιεικεῖς ὄντας, ἄλλο αὐτοῖς ἐπικαλεῖν οὐδὲν ἔχουσα, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι σοφοὶ τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀστέρας
[37] Furthermore, they were bitter against astrologers. Consequently, the official who was placed in charge of burglaries would maltreat them for no other reason than their being astrologers and, inflicting many stripes upon them, would parade them upon the backs of camels throughout the whole city, old men and persons who were in general respectable, though he had no other complaint against them, except that they wished to be wise in the science of the stars in a place like this.
